Вестник Самарского государственного экономического университета

Вестник самарского государственного экономического университета
Vestnik of Samara State University of Economics

2025 №7 (249)

ECONOMIC THEORY

Skripko V.E.

Typology of network transformation of the economy in light of its resilience to external shocks

Abstract. The article investigates the formation of a networkization typology of the economy as a component of the process of its structural transformation in the context of increasing external shocks and, at the same time, a form of increasing resistance to them. It is based on the specifics of the action of network transformation factors directly related to the shock resistance of the national economy, such as innovative development in the system of centerless alliances of corporations focused on the "markets of the future" of the National Technology Initiative 2.0, inter-platform and inter-cluster network scientific and industrial cooperation, reproduction of human capital within the framework of the neural network "technological platform of the future". The author`s methodology is formed by approaches to the analysis of network transformation factors in the system of structural shifts, its typology and technological modernization of the economy. Theoretical provisions of the network transformation of the economy, supplemented by its author`s typology, include the identification of technological, organizational, structural types that differently characterize the complex use of such production factors as information and entrepreneurship and affect, respectively, the micro-, meso- and macrolevels of the economy. The authors have established that the basis for the long-term increase in the national economy`s resilience to shocks is a structural shift - the result of the network transformation of the economy, leading to an increase in the efficiency of production factors and the expansion of autonomous investments in the reproduction system. Special attention in the work is given to the criteria for the typology of the network transformation of the national economy.
Keywords: network transformation, typology, economic structure, external shocks, shock resistance. Hightlightts: - approaches to the analysis of factors of network transformation of the economy are analyzed (acceleration of innovative development in the system of centerless strategic alliances of national corporations, development of innovation and investment cooperation between technological platforms and innovative clusters, network reproduction of human capital in the neural network "technological platform of the future"); - a typology of network transformation of the economy is presented, including technological, organizational, structural types, which differently determine the prospects for growth in the efficiency of production factors; - the shock-protective role of network structural transformation is determined, resulting in a structural shift of a special kind, characterized by an increase in the share of network horizontal inter-subject relations in the innovation sphere, in the reproduction system, in factor markets.

Email:	yusi_p@mail.ru
Сведения:	Vladislav E. Skripko - Kuzbass State Technical University named after T.F. Gorbachev, Kemerovo, Russia

WORLD ECONOMY

Ayzatullin I.F.

Transformation of the mechanisms for regulating international technology transfer in the Russian economy under the conditions of increasing sanctions pressure

Abstract. This article considers a mechanism for regulating national and international technology transfer. Directions for implementing the mechanisms for regulating national and international technology transfer that are most typical for modern economic conditions are systematized. The content of the main approaches to improving the efficiency of mechanisms for regulating national and international technology transfer is considered. The structure of the digital platform for crowdfunding financing of projects for the development and improvement of technologies and their subsequent scaling to national and global industry markets has been formed. The formation of such a structure of the crowdfunding digital platform for financing projects for the creation and improvement of technologies will allow activating possibilities of financial support for the implementation of the latter by increasing the potential attractiveness for various groups of crowdinvestors and, accordingly, will increase the likelihood of effective implementation of initiatives in the field of high-tech entrepreneurship, incl. competitive in global R&D and innovation markets.
Keywords: technology, technology transfer, global economy, resources, cooperation. Hightlightts: - the objects of technology transfer in the global economy are actually both traditional and innovative production technologies aimed at ensuring the growth of efficiency of organizations in various sectors of the economy and the social sphere, the results of research and development, industrial designs, innovative management and marketing technologies, digital technologies, etc.; - the relationship between the level of diversification of the organization`s technology transfer activities and the level of overall risk of its development is non-linear; - a significant level of diversification can cause a problem of the complexity of high-quality management of different areas and projects of a company, which also increases the level of overall risk, but due to the human factor.

Email:	dr_b@mail.ru
Сведения:	Irek F. Ayzatullin - Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia

Konkov M.N.

Development of the global ferrous metals market under conditions of uncertainty

Abstract. The objectives and relevance of the research are to analyze the development of ferrous metallurgy in conditions of geo-economic uncertainty. The article investigates current problems of the development of the global ferrous metals market, primarily using the example of the G7 and BRICS countries. It shows the main risks and opportunities faced by industry as a whole and its individual enterprises under the influence of modern trends in technological development, regulatory requirements, and geo-political constraints.
Keywords: ferrous metallurgy, global economic uncertainty, geo-policy, sanctions, recessions, infrastructure, risk management. Highlights: - the analysis of statistical data on the development of the global ferrous metals market has been carried out; - it is determined that the main causes of crisis phenomena in the metallurgical industry are related to geo-economic uncertainty and geopolitical constraints; - it is shown that the modern global metallurgical market has become a field of high instability caused by factors such as economic recessions, epidemics, sanctions and geopolitical tensions.

Email:	m.n.konkov@gmail.com
Сведения:	Maxim N. Konkov - Samara State University of Economics, Samara, Russia

REGIONAL AND SECTORAL ECONOMY

Afonin S.E.

Cluster initiatives as a tool for the development of innovative entrepreneurship

Abstract. Innovations are a key resource for development, contributing to the evolution of the product line, progress in production, logistics and management processes. Since expenses on innovations and research and development create a basis of the innovation process, there are two ways to accelerate technological development: increasing the level of expenses and increasing their efficiency. Based on this simple conclusion, we can formulate two ways of state management of technical progress: stimulating innovation expenses by companies using various methods or creating conditions for increasing the efficiency of innovation processes. The first solution seems to be an extensive path of development and is limited by budget capabilities. In addition, budget innovations are not always conditioned by their real usefulness for organizations, which negatively affects the overall efficiency of the process as a whole. The second way - creating favorable conditions for increasing the effectiveness of the innovation process for enterprises - seems to be a more rational solution. In this context, cooperation and integration are seen as the main factors due to which it is possible to increase the productivity of innovations in the business environment. At this stage of the evolutionary development of the economy, the most effective solution in world practice is the creation of clusters of innovative direction, for the participants of which the effectiveness of innovations increases due to the mutual proximity of their sources, internal connectivity within the cluster and the joint use of investments and R&D. In the context of the current study, an analysis of the development of cluster initiatives in Russia was conducted, an assessment of the dynamics and the current stage was given using the example of changes in the amount of R&D expenses for the participants of these integration associations. It was found that at present, expenses on scientific research activities among the participants of industrial clusters are decreasing, which is the reason for the low level of organizational interaction and the small size of the clusters themselves.
Keywords: analysis, interaction, dynamics, innovation, clusters, development, production cooperation, efficiency. Hightlightts: - integration associations, due to the effect of scale, joint use of resources, investments and technologies, increase the success of individual participants in such associations; clusters are a more advanced stage of organizational development compared to technology parks, which in the evolutionary view is the next stage of technological development; - in Russia, there is no such concept as an "innovative" or "scientific and technological" cluster at the moment, and innovative development and increasing efficiency of innovative processes are based on the existing base of industrial integration associations, although in practice, the Moscow region can be considered as a scientific and technological cluster by international standards; - the current organizational level of development of industrial clusters in Russia is low, and, along with the absence of such a phenomenon as innovative or scientific and technological clusters in general, this leads to the fact that cluster initiatives at the current stage are ineffective as a tool for the development of innovative entrepreneurship.

Email:	afonins1307@rambler.ru
Сведения:	Sergey E. Afonin - MIREA - Russian Technological University, Moscow, Russia

Gataullina A.A.

Trends and clusters of Russian regions by level of engineering education

Abstract. This study reveals trends in engineering training in Russia and identifies clusters of regions taking into account the formed dynamics and peculiarities of engineering education. Engineering specialty profiles are one of the key demanded areas of the natural science sector of education, which is emphasized in a number of strategic documents of the country`s development (National Project "Personnel", State Program of Scientific and Technological Development, etc.). The study is based on the statistical data of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation on more than 650 universities. The methods of descriptive statistics, dynamic and structural analysis were applied. The analysis of the dynamics of engineering student contingent and universities with engineering profile has revealed the following trends: uneven distribution of engineering training by federal districts; leading regions (Moscow, St. Petersburg, Tatarstan, etc.) provide a significant share of training, while a number of regions show a decrease in growth rates and insignificant contribution to the all-Russian indicator. As a result of the study, the regions are clustered by growth rates and contribution to engineering training into 8 groups, which allows classifying regions according to different trajectories of engineering education development. The leading regions include: Moscow, Tomsk, Novosibirsk, Samara, Novosibirsk Oblasts, Republic of Tatarstan, etc., and the lagging regions include Sakhalin Oblast, Yamalo-Nenets and Nenets Autonomous Okrug, etc. The detailed analysis of the regions allowed us to identify the most advanced regions of engineering education development. The detailed analysis of regions allowed identifying the leading engineering universities by regions (MEPhI, TPU, SamSTU, KAI, etc.). The results obtained are of practical value for the development of regional strategies and prioritization of state support of the natural science sector of education and science.
Keywords: higher education, engineering personnel, region, trends, clustering, science sector of education. Hightlightts: - the uneven distribution of engineering personnel training by federal districts has been revealed; - the regions that make a significant contribution to engineering personnel training were identified; - clusters of regions were identified depending on the formed trends in engineering training in Russia; - the leading engineering universities of the country were identified in the context of the advanced regions of the country that form a significant contribution to engineering education.

Email:	AliAShugaepova@kpfu.ru
Сведения:	Aliya A. Gataullina - Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia

Guseva M.S., Oleinikova S. V.

Analysis of the region`s foreign economic activity: approaches and results

Abstract. In the context of modern geopolitical instability and ever-increasing international competition, foreign economic activity has become a priority for developing the region`s socio-economic potential and enhancing its competitiveness. The current challenges and complexities of global economic processes necessitate the improvement of methodological approaches to analyzing, evaluating, and forecasting the foreign economic activity of regions, taking into account their sectoral specifics, competitive advantages, institutional development levels, and the impact of globalization processes on the formation of effective and sustainable development models. The work used general theoretical methods such as induction, deduction, analogy, con-cretization, and classification, as well as practical methods such as observation, comparison, and economic and statistical analysis. The article investigates domestic and foreign methodological approaches to analyzing foreign economic activity of countries and regions. The key indicators of the Samara Region`s foreign economic activity for 2012-2022 are analyzed. The results of the analysis confirm the thesis about the need to develop domestic methods for analyzing foreign economic activity and to develop an integrated approach to assessing the region`s foreign economic activity, taking into account the institutional and strategic factors of analysis, integration and globalization processes in which the region is becoming a full-fledged participant today.
Keywords:region, foreign economic activity, export, import, indicators, methodology. Hightlightts: - the region`s foreign economic activity is a strategic mechanism for adapting to global challenges and is a tool for spatial development; - foreign approaches to the analysis of foreign economic activity of countries and regions are more focused on global processes and use complex econometric, predictive and analytical models, while domestic methods are more often descriptive, reporting and statistical in nature, focusing on statistics and government regulation; - an integrated approach to the analysis of the region`s foreign economic activity requires taking into account infrastructural, institutional, external and investment factors and makes it possible to substantiate the strategic priorities of regional policy in the field of foreign economic activity; - the key and most common indicators that characterize the degree of a region`s involvement in international trade are export quota, import quota, foreign trade turnover, import export coverage ratio, and import dependency ratio; - using the example of the Samara region, it is shown that export diversification and the development of export infrastructure increase the stability of the regional economy.

Email:	gusevams@yandex.ru; sofja.oleinikova@yandex.ru
Сведения:	Maria S. Guseva - Samara State University of Economics, Samara, Russia; Sofya V. Oleinikova - Samara Regional branch of the All-Russian Public Organization "Business Russia", Samara, Russia

Elistratov I.R.

Innovative approaches to sustainable development of regional production systems in the medical equipment industry

Abstract. In the context of sustainable development, the creation of high-quality living conditions for the population is an integral part of global and state strategies for demographic and social development. Achieving development goals is impossible to imagine without providing citizens with high-quality health care services, which, in turn, are provided primarily by modern technical and technological means. In this vein, medical equipment, devices used in health care, various means of provision and support are important factors in maintaining the quality of medical services and a condition for achieving demographic objectives and sustainable development goals in the field of ensuring a healthy life for all segments of the population and ages. Sanctions and trade restrictions have significantly limited the technical support of the health care sector, which has multiplied the demand for accelerated development of the domestic medical equipment manufacturing industry. Therefore, in the current situation, innovations in this area are a critically important and relevant area in the industry. The current work is devoted to finding solutions to optimize the development tools of regional production systems in the direction of medical equipment production. It is noted that in order to consolidate efforts in innovative development, it is advisable to maximally cooperate individual manufacturers, including representatives of small and medium-sized businesses. This will improve the efficiency of research and innovative activities in conditions of limited resources, foreign investment and budget funding.
Keywords: analysis, import substitution, innovation, clusters, medical industry, sanctions, technology parks, development factors. Highlights: - due to the high dependence of domestic healthcare on foreign technologies, import substitution in the medical and medical instrument industries is an important factor in the sustainable development of the country and its demographic indicators in the long term; - the medical industry is, on the one hand, one of the high-tech types of activity, however, the level of innovative activity of Russian enterprises in this industry is below average, which necessitates the acceleration and stimulation of innovative processes; - the key mechanisms that make possible the rapid and highly effective improvement of the innovative background in the medical industry are the creation and support of industrial parks, technology parks and industrial clusters that promote the development of innovative processes and import substitution with greater efficiency than extensive subsidies for targeted strategic areas.

Email:	elistratov90@internet.ru
Сведения:	Igor R. Elistratov - N.N. Blokhin NMRCO, Moscow, Russia

Simonov S.V.

Tools for the sustainable development of regional economic systems at the present stage, taking into account the processes of innovation transformation

Abstract. To stimulate the progress of regional economic systems, it is advisable to focus on supporting the most competitive areas. In the context of sustainable development, this affects not only economic aspects, but also social and environmental aspects. This approach affects the structure of key development tools. Thus, the proposed methodology outlined in the current study is based on three key points: the need to form a convenient and meaningful integral indicator, the importance of taking into account all factors of sustainable development, as well as the need for planning and forecasting based only on these aspects. In a simplified way, the task of the work can be represented as the development of a methodology to increase the effectiveness of innovation for the sustainable development of regional economic systems. A harmonized system of tools implies a relatively high accuracy and speed in determining the most promising areas for the implementation and maximum effectiveness of innovations for a particular region. And, possibly, the development of standardized approaches in case of positive practice of applying the author`s methodology in several regions. In this work, an integral economic indicator is calculated, on the basis of which it is possible to determine the specific weight of regions according to a number of basic statistical values characterizing the economic potential. It is also proposed to apply a number of indicators that bring the toolkit closer to the context of not just economics, but sustainable regional development.
Keywords: analysis, innovation, integral indicator, assessment, regional economic systems, prospects, forecast, sustainable development. Hightlightts: - to increase the effectiveness of innovations, it is advisable to focus them in the most competitive areas, and this applies equally to regional economic systems. Therefore, an analysis of the level of development and the most significant structural elements of regional economic progress will make it possible to more effectively direct and manage innovation processes in individual regions of the Russian Federation; - the basic elements for the development of regional development tools are a qualitative selection of statistical indicators to determine the degree of economic development of a constituent federal entity and identify priority areas, as well as the definition of indicators of environmental and social sustainability; - integrated indicators should, on the one hand, comprehensively cover all aspects of sustainable development, but at the same time, from the standpoint of simplification, it is worthwhile to avoid duplicating and interdependent indicators; in some cases, they can be replaced by ratings or expert opinions.

Email:	simonov_sv@rambler.ru
Сведения:	Sergey V. Simonov - State University of Management, Moscow, Russia

UskovA.S.

Compliance with the description of the work functions of software testing specialists for labor market requirements

Abstract. This study is devoted to the analysis of compliance with the requirements of the labor market for software testing specialists and the provisions of the professional standard 06.004 «Information Technology Testing Specialist" for fourth-level specialists. The problem lies in the discrepancy between the actual practice of describing job functions in vacancies and the structure of job functions and qualification requirements of testing specialists in the professional standard for fourth-level specialists, which manifests itself in three key aspects: firstly, the vagueness and ambiguity of wording in job advertisements makes it difficult to adequately assess candidates` qualifications.; secondly, the stated requirements for candidates often do not correspond to the actual work functions defined in the current professional standard for fourth-level specialists, which reduces the effectiveness of the recruitment process; and thirdly, the de facto division of the labor market into manual and automated testing specialists contradicts the integrated approach of the professional standard, which contributes to the formation of incomplete and unsystematic professional training. This misalignment negatively affects the effectiveness of personnel selection, the quality of specialist training, and, ultimately, the quality of software development and maintenance. Hypothesis: a change in the structure of the description of labor functions and qualification requirements for software testing specialists in the professional standard of the fourth level of qualification will contribute to a more accurate selection of testing specialists in the labor market. Problem statement: significant discrepancies in the description of job functions in vacancies and in the requirements of the professional standard for the fourth level of qualification in software testing lead to a decrease in the effectiveness of personnel selection, a deterioration in the quality of specialist training and, as a result, to a decrease in the quality of the software being developed and maintained. The purpose of the study is to analyze the compliance of the description of the work functions of software testing specialists with the requirements of the labor market. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to solve the following tasks: to identify discrepancies between the requirements for software testing specialists stated in vacancies on popular job sites (HH.ru, Work.ru, trudvsem.ru), and the requirements established by the professional standard, to identify causes of these discrepancies and propose recommendations for their elimination in order to improve the effectiveness of personnel selection and the quality of specialist training.
Keywords: software testing, professional standard, labor market, personnel selection, vacancies, manual testing specialist, automated testing specialist, qualifications, software development quality. Highlights: - the analysis of labor functions in one of the most popular professions in the field of information technology (IT), a software tester, is carried out in terms of the origin of the specialty and the reasons for its popularization and rapid development; - the description of the work functions of software testing specialists in the labor market is compared using the example of tester vacancies on three popular job sites (HH.ru, Work.ru, trudvsem.ru) with the requirements of the professional standard for the fourth level of qualification; - the division of software testing specialists into manual and automated testing specialists has been revealed in the labor market, which is not reflected in the description of the work functions of software testing specialists in professional standards and vacancies. This situation leads to a decrease in the quality of the selection of software testing specialists for vacant positions, reduces the quality of training of these specialists in educational institutions; - recommendations have been developed to change the structure of the description of labor functions and qualification requirements for software testing specialists in the professional standard, which will contribute to the harmonization of the labor market and increase the efficiency of the recruitment process.

Email:	usckov.andrei@yandex.ru
Сведения:	Andrey S. Uskov - Samara State University of Economics, Samara, Russia

MANAGEMENT AND BUSINESS MANAGEMENT

Balashova N. V., Panteleeva A.R.

HR electronic document management (EDM) in an educational organization: implementation problems and development trends

Abstract. In the context of the introduction of digitalization in the work of HR departments, problematic issues arise that require study and further solution. Initially, it was assumed that digitalization would bring both increased labor productivity and simplification of some tasks to the activity, but at the first stages, despite a large number of typical questions in HR records management that should have been simplified, not only problems arise, but often they remain unresolved. In addition, the labor intensity of the tasks performed actually increases. The article is devoted to the consideration of issues related to the implementation of HR electronic document management in an educational organization. The object is the HR records management of the organization. The authors propose indicators characterizing the effectiveness of the process of introducing EDM into the practical activities of the HR service. A step-by-step process of developing regulations is presented using the example of the document "Application for leave". The characteristics of the capabilities and disadvantages of the 1C program in automating processes are considered. The costs associated with the creation of an enhanced EDM for employees are presented. A comparative analysis of programs (1C, ECM and SAP) is provided based on the following criteria: administrative capabilities, implementation time, financial costs and employee training costs.
Keywords: electronic document management; document management optimization; personnel electronic document management; digitalization. Hightlightts: - the work describes features of the implementation of EDM in an educational organization; - indicators are recommended to characterize the effectiveness of the process of implementing EDM in the practical activities of the HR service; - the article presents a description of the 1C program for the functions of HR administration with a description of shortcomings and missing functions; - it provides a comparative description of the programs used in the introduction of HR electronic document management.

Email:	BalashovaNV@bgu.ru; alina977387@mail.ru
Сведения:	Nadezhda V. Balashova, Alina R. Panteleeva - Baikal State University, Irkutsk, Russia

103

FINANCE, MONEY CIRCULA TON AND CREDIT

Alexandrovcch Yu.E, Eremina I.A.

Forecasting the inflation rate based on big data in the context of implementing import substitution policies

Abstract. This article considers inflation forecasting methods using big data analysis in the context of import substitution policy implementation. The relevance of the study is determined by the need to adapt economic policy to modern challenges associated with global changes and internal economic processes. The authors scientifically substantiate that the use of big data analysis methods can increase the accuracy of forecasts and improve management decisions, which in turn contributes to sustainable economic development. Scientific novelty lies in the adaptation of forecasting methods to the specifics of an economy focused on import substitution, this includes taking into account changes in the structure of production, supply chains and consumer preferences, which has not previously been considered within the framework of classical inflation forecasting models. The results of the study can form a basis for developing more accurate and adaptive tools for managing inflation processes in the context of economic transformation.
Keywords: inflation, big data, import substitution policy, FAVAR models, DMS and DMA models, machine learning methods, random forest algorithm, gradient boosting algorithm. Hightlightts: - the theoretical justification for the need to study inflation forecasting based on big data in the context of import substitution policy implementation is presented; the feasibility of the following assessment methods is substantiated: FAVAR models, DMS and DMA models, machine learning methods (random forest algorithm, gradient boosting algorithm); - inflation forecasting using various assessment methods with subsequent determination of forecast quality is presented; - a comparative analysis of the models among themselves in terms of quality relative to the reference linear regression model is carried out.

Email:	irenalks.orags@mail.ru; dokukina.orags@mail.ru
Сведения:	Yuri E. Alexandrovich, Irina A. Eremina - Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russia

115

Gasparyan T.S., Ermakova E.A.

The process of formation of the science of financial management in modern times

Abstract. The article is devoted to the study of the influence of the financial management system of commercial organizations on the development of the science of financial management. The relevance of the work lies in increasing the interest of the financial top management of companies in scientific developments to achieve their goals. Scientific novelty lies in identifying the relationship between the development of the financial management system of commercial organizations with the formation and development of the science of financial management. The article uses such research methods as: analysis, synthesis, modeling, observation and comparison, as well as data processing and interpretation. It examines in detail stages and history of the formation of financial management, finalizes the existing classification of the stages of the formation of financial management. The author`s classification of the modern stage of the formation of the science of financial management is given. The role of the modern financial management system of commercial organizations on the formation of scientific developments and the formation of financial management is revealed. Modern methods and models of financial management in commercial organizations are studied in detail, and modern digital software technologies used in companies are considered. Based on the results of the work, conclusions are made, and recommendations are given on possible directions for further scientific research.
Keywords: financial management, stages of development of financial management, types, methods and models of financial management. Highlights: - development of the science of financial management depends on the needs of a modern financial management system in a commercial organization; - scientific developments in the field of financial management are becoming more in demand and do not lose their relevance; - development of financial technologies, development of risk management methods and automation of financial management characterize the modern stage of formation of financial management.

Email:	tigrantigranarm@gmail.com
Сведения:	Tigran S. Gasparyan, Elena A. Ermakova - Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, Saratov, Russia

131

ECONOMIC THEORY

WORLD ECONOMY

REGIONAL AND SECTORAL ECONOMY

MANAGEMENT AND BUSINESS MANAGEMENT

FINANCE, MONEY CIRCULA TON AND CREDIT