Вестник Самарского государственного экономического университета

Вестник самарского государственного экономического университета
Vestnik of Samara State University of Economics

2020 №8 (190)

REGIONAL ECONOMICS

Khusnutdinov R.N.

On the role of small oil companies in the development of the region’s economy

Issues of regional economic development are aimed at a stable socio-economic state of the systems. The issue of ensuring the region’s budget is particularly relevant. Undoubtedly, this ensuring is due to large industrial and economic enterprises and complexes, the emergence of system-forming, city-forming enterprises, but we should not exclude small businesses. Of course, its impact on the budget has significantly decreased during the so-called global shut-down caused by the pandemic. The services sector, tourism, etc. was primarily affected. This article analyzes the activities of small oil companies as an alternative form of employment in the oil-producing sector of the region, as well as as the core of the formation of business net-works in the oil cluster of the Republic of Tatarstan. The author conducted a study of network interaction between business structures and a large industrial and economic complex within the industry cluster formations of the region. In addition, it is necessary to consider small oil companies as entrepreneurial structures, since they are endowed with the mobility, in contrast to vertically integrated structures, provide adaptability to external changes and to the institu-tional environment by reducing time and information gaps. Moreover, small oil companies combined with a large production complex allow us to monitor the implementation of the netvization potential by taking into account the entire set of endogenous and exogenous fac-tors, information sources and technologies for the formation of information and industry net-works, which as a result leads to a synergistic effect.
Keywords: small oil companies, region, network, business structure, small business, re-gional economy. Highlights: the analysis of the development of small oil companies in Russia is carried out; trends in the development of small oil companies in the regional aspect are identified; there are three components that determine the effectiveness of the formation of a small oil companies network and large industrial enterprises of the region.

Email:	2911379@mail.ru
Сведения:	Rustem N. Khusnutdinov, Candidate of Marketing Department of Kazan (Volga region) Fed-eral University.

ECONOMICS, ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT OF ORGANIZATIONS, BRANCHES, COMPLEXES

Wojtkiewich N.I.

CURRENT TRENDS IN RUSSIAN RETAIL TRADE

The relevance of the study topic is due to the need to assess trends in the development of modern forms and methods of retail trade organization in conditions of high turbulence of the external environment. Available scientific works on the state and trends of trade forms development mostly does not take into account the impact on purchasing behavior of the COVID-19 pandemic. It should be noted that research in 2020 demonstrates changes in consumer behavior, but there is no systematization of data on the response of trade organizations to changing consumer demand. This paper aims to identify the most significant current trends in the Russian retail market. The provisions outlined in the study can serve as a basis for further development of the theory of trade organization, its forms and methods, as well as can be used in the practice of trading enterprises.
Keywords: offline and online trade, consumer behavior, product delivery services, new trade formats, retail chains, shopping center, digitalization. Highlights: ♦ changes in consumer behavior under the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic are shown; ♦ the influence of e-commerce on offline trading and the formation of services for delivering goods to customers is demonstrated; ♦ modern and developing formats of trade enterprises on the Russian market are defined and characterized; ♦ features of functioning of shopping centers in modern conditions are revealed, directions of their development are designated; ♦ digitalization of trade enterprises` communications with customers is reflected as one of the trends.

Email:	vni63@list.ru
Сведения:	Natalia I. Wojtkiewich, Doctor of Economics, Professor, Professor of the Commerce, Service and Tourism Department of the Samara State University of Economics.

Zotova A.S.

MODELING THE MECHANISM OF CHANGES MANAGEMENT IN THE HIGHER EDUCATION SYSTEM

The mechanism for managing changes in the higher education system is determined by the level of development of the national economy, various internal and external factors that affect the process of sustainable economic development in different directions. To optimize this process, effective interaction and harmonization of interests of all participants in the process at the macro, meso and micro levels are necessary. The purpose of this work is to analyze existing approaches to modeling the processes of change implementation, to determine the most suitable bases of changes modeling for such an economic system as higher education, to identify the most significant components of the mechanism model for managing changes in the higher education system. The methodological basis of the research consists of tools for analysis, synthesis and generalization. A general structural model of the mechanism of change management in higher education was formed during the study. This model is based on sustainable development principles and models of interests coordination.
Keywords: change management, management mechanism modeling, higher education, sustainable development, stakeholders, alignment of interests. Highligh ts: ♦ the multiplicity of institutions in the higher education system determines the multiplicity of management systems, which causes the problem of contradictions between the interests and goals of changes in individual elements of the higher education system; ♦ modeling of changes in the higher education system should be based on the concept of sustainable development, and the impact of methods and tools of this model on the management object should be based on the model of reconciliation of interests; ♦ the general goal of change management in the higher education system is to achieve sustainable development by universities and the higher education system as a state in which the most effective policy of interaction with government, business and society is implemented from the point of view of innovative development of society (at the micro, macro, and mega levels).

Email:	azotova@mail.ru
Сведения:	Anna S. Zotova, Candidate of Economics, Associate Professor of Applied Management Department of Samara State University of Economics.

Ivanova N. V.

CONCEPTUAL BASES OF RETAIL TRADE DEVELOPMENT IN MODERN CONDITIONS

Retail trade is currently undergoing a number of changes due to transformational processes in the economy as a whole and changes in consumer preferences. These changes are associated with the active development of modern information technologies, as well as with the coronavirus pandemic. In this regard, it becomes relevant to study the current state and directions of retail trade development, which determines the purpose of this article, which is to identify the main trends and conceptual foundations of retail trade development. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to solve tasks, including: analysis of the state of retail trade in the context of the coronavirus pandemic; identification of the main technologies used in retail trade; identification of the concept of retail development; formulation of principles for the retail trade implementation. To achieve the goals and objectives of the research, general scientific and private scientific methods were used. As the main result of the research, it can be noted that the concept of retail development is to integrate online and offline retail and form a single smart shopping space.
Keywords: retail trade, digitalization, smart technologies, smart retail space, online commerce, omnichannel, personalization, concept. Highlights: ♦ the article considers the state and trends of retail trade development in the context of the coronavirus pandemic in Russia and the world; ♦ established the conceptual basis for the development of retail trade; ♦ the principles of retail trade development in modern conditions are formulated.

Email:	nataliaivanova86@yandex.ru
Сведения:	Natalia V. Ivanova, Candidate of Economics, Associate Professor of the Commerce, Service and Tourism Department at Samara State University of Economics.

Kandrashina E.A., Ustinova G.H.

CHANGES IN THE METHODOLOGY FOR ASSESSING INNOVATION ACTIVITY OF ORGANIZATIONS AND ITS IMPACT ON STATISTICAL DATA

The rapid pace of development of the world economy is pushing our country to new achievements in the field of innovation. This process is quite time-consuming in all respects, starting with financial factors, but nevertheless in recent years Russia has made a significant leap in this direction. A large number of enterprises are seeking to enter the international market, while needing government support. When forming and implementing state innovation policy, it may be difficult to analyze data, since different methods of calculating indicators are used. Therefore, it is necessary that all countries use a common system for calculating indicators to ensure their comparability and correct comparison of the dynamics of development, as well as the factors that determine it. In order to assess the level of innovation activity of organizations, countries use the same indicator, the calculation method of which was introduced into the domestic practice of statistical observation in December 2019 simultaneously with the change in the calculation of the indicator "The share of organizations that implement technological innovations in the total number of surveyed organizations". The methodological approach to their calculation is based on updated international standards and takes into account a significantly wider range of innovative organizations, which causes a significant increase of the observed indicators.
Keywords: innovative activity, technological innovations, process innovation, product innovation, calculation methods. Highligh ts: ♦ a new methodological approach to calculating indicators of innovation activity of organizations based on updated international standards provides measurable goals for increasing the number of organizations that implement technological innovations, as defined by decree of the President of the Russian Federation from 07.05.2018 № 204; ♦ the calculation methods take into account a much wider range of innovative organizations, which leads to a significant increase in the observed indicators; ♦ the conducted survey of representatives of public and private organizations of the Samara region allowed us to conclude that the new methodological approach more adequately reflects the level of innovation activity of organizations.

Email:	kandrashina@sseu.ru, guliya_r@mail.ru
Сведения:	Elena A. Kandrashina, Doctor of Economics, Professor; Guliya H. Ustinova, Senior teacher - Samara State University of Economics.

Kuznetsov N.G., Tyaglov S.G., Ponomareva M.A., Porollo E. V.

STRENGTHENING THE INCENTIVE EFFECT OF ENVIRONMENTAL TAXATION WHEN IMPLEMENTING THE BEST AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGIES FOR WASTE PROCESSING AND DISPOSAL

Environmental taxation is a recognized and effective tool for state regulation of rational environmental management in all developed countries, as well as in Russia. Tax instruments provide incentives to reduce waste, deepen recycling, use the best available technologies of production processes and waste disposal that minimize negative environmental effects. The experience of developed countries shows that the effectiveness of tax instruments can be ensured by strict control over the implementation of both tax and environmental legislation. The payer and consumer, as well as society as a whole, have the right to know and should understand how tax instruments work in practice. In Russian practice, the understanding of taxation processes in terms of environmental priorities has not been formed, and the dynamics of the quality of the environment and its components indicate an increasing economic burden on natural ecosystems. In this regard, tax incentives to improve the management of production and consumption waste based on the best available technologies should be based on strategic planning procedures involved in the joint implementation of environmental projects and programs at the federal, regional and local levels.
Keywords: environmental taxes, state environmental policy, environmental protection, best available technologies, solid waste management, waste recycling. Highlights: ♦ suggested as incentives for environmental actions by setting the coefficient to 0 after implementation of best available technologies to rates of fees for emissions/discharges of pollutants to the rates of payment for the volume or mass of waste subject to accumulation and practically used since the formation in its own production or delivered for use within the statutory period; ♦ it is proved that the purpose of tax incentives is to create interest in the use of environmentally friendly waste management options and/or prevent their formation; ♦ an approach has been formulated for setting fees from producers (or consumers), which allows providing state funding for waste collection and processing and is based on the collateral principle, in which the fees paid are fully or partially returned to consumers.

Email:

ng-kuznecov@mail.ru, tyaglov-sg@rambler.ru, yuma@list.ru, andreyf@donpac.ru

Сведения:

Nikolay G. Kuznetsov, Doctor of Economics, Professor, Honoured Scientist of the Russian Federation, Head of the Economic Theory Department; Sergey G. Tyaglov, Doctor of Economics, Professor of the Economy of the Region, Industries and Enterprises Department; Marina A. Ponomareva, Doctor of Economics, Professor of the Regional Economy, Industries and Enterprises Department; Elena V. Porollo, Candidate of Economics, Associate Professor of the Finance Department - Rostov State University of Economics.

Muthana A.S.A., Smolina E.S.

METHODS FOR ASSESSING THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND BUDGETARY EFFECTIVENESS OF THE PROPOSED MECHANISMS OF STATE SUPPORT FOR INNOVATIVE ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

The necessity of evaluating the effectiveness of measures of state support for innovative entrepreneurship is justified. The methods of evaluating efficiency that are traditional in Russian practice are considered: evaluation by comparing actual indicators of innovative development with targets set in the relevant regional and federal programs, and forming ratings of innovative development of regions. We consider the indicators that are used in compiling ratings of innova-tive development of Russian regions. Two national ratings are compared: the rating of the nation-al research university "Higher school of Economics" and the rating of the Association of innova-tive regions of Russia. The possibilities of using these methods in assessing support for innovative entrepreneurship and their limitations are analyzed. The results of different ratings of innovative development of Russian regions are compared. An alternative model for evaluating the effective-ness of state support for innovation is proposed for consideration. This model is based on the formation of an integral indicator taking into account three blocks of indicators. The ways of adapting the three-block model to the assessment of state support for innovative entrepreneurship are considered.
Keywords: innovative entrepreneurship, innovations, state support, measures of state sup-port, innovative activity, efficiency, evaluation. Highlights: the main methods of evaluating the effectiveness of state support for innovation are: 1) comparison of actual indicators with targets set in innovative development programs; 2) formation of ratings of innovative development of regions based on statistical indicators; an alternative method is the three-block model of N.G. Urazova; all traditional methods have certain disadvantages and should be adjusted to take into ac-count the features of innovative entrepreneurship.

Email:	ali.muthanna7@gmail.com, ekaterinsmolin@yandex.ru
Сведения:	Ali S.A. Muthana, Post-graduate student; Ekaterina S. Smoli-na, Candidate of Economics, Associate Professor - Samara State University of Economics.

Nikitina B.A.

COMPARATIVE INTERGENERATIONAL ANALYSIS OF THE POPULATION`S ATTITUDE TO ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS AND IMPLEMENTATION OF CIRCULAR ECONOMY PRACTICES

The article deals with ideas changing on the possibilities of optimizing the environmental situation by including the modern population in some types of affordable environmentally friendly practices. According to the theories of modern culture sociologists, the place of universalist including ecological values in the worldview of later generations is increasing. It is indicated, in connection with which a hypothesis is developed about the difference between ecocultural attitudes of modern students and their parents. The presented results of an empirical sociological study focused on differences in awareness and behavior of different generations show their common and different characteristics.
Keywords: environmental problems of modern world, sustainable development, circular economy, environmental actions, environmental problems, millennials and centenials generation, swap party, freemarket, readiness to participate in environmental events. Highligh ts: ♦ modern society has been searching for several decades for a theoretical concept that would allow organizing the life of the population in such a way as to minimize the negative impact on nature. The concept of "sustainable development" was developed in the concepts of environmental modernization and circular economy; ♦ individual ecologization of lifestyle is difficult to implement, but the Russian state does not yet create the conditions for this, so civil society invents innovative forms of eco-friendly behavior; ♦ the attitude to environmental problems among people of different generations is generally similar, but there are some differences related to the peculiarities of socialization; ♦ the frequency of participation of students and their parents in traditional types of environmental actions is generally similar, as well as the assessment of the effectiveness of these activities, but there are differences, probably due to differences in the organization of eco-activities in differ¬ent historical periods for different age groups; ♦ students` participation in innovative actions involving the implementation of the principles of circular economy is more expressed in the organizational mode, while parents` participation is more expressed in the donation mode. However, both generations are still not familiar with environmental innovations and are suspicious of them.

Email:	belanik@yandex.ru.
Сведения:	Bela A. Nikitina, Candidate of Sociology, Associate Professor at Samara State University of Economcs.

Ralyk D.V., Sayamova Ya.G.

PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF NETWORK RETAIL DEVELOPMENT IN URBAN AND RURAL AREAS (FOOD SEGMENT)

The article studies the development of retail chains in the food segment in cities with millions of people and in rural areas in comparison. The analysis revealed trends in the influence of federal-level operators on the development of network retail in various types of territories, both positive and negative. The article suggests approaches to minimizing imbalances and making management decisions in the field of retail development, due to the need to balance more sensitively between the interests of tax collection and the development goals of small and medium-sized businesses in both urban and rural areas.
Keywords: retail trade network, rural trade, problems of network trade development, food retail trends. Highlights: ♦ the modern consumer market is characterized by disproportions in the development of local and federal network retail in urban and rural areas, which are both positive and negative; ♦ to smooth out the disparity in certain narrow segments of network trade it is necessary to introduce new standards for the placement of retail outlets and their number; ♦ digitalization of network trade should cover not only federal-level network operators, but also local retailers, including those working only in rural areas; ♦ the adoption of new programs in the field of trade should be focused on the creation and implementation of a unique regional concept for the development of the consumer market.

Email:	dinarar@inbox.ru, popova_yana@mail.ru
Сведения:	Dinara V. Ralyk, Candidate of Economics, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Commerce, Service and Tourism Department; Yanina G. Sayamova, Candidate of Economics, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Commerce, Service and Tourism Department - Samara State University of Economics.

Rublev V.V.

PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE RUSSIAN PASSENGER AIRLINER MARKET IN THE CONTEXT OF MACROECONOMIC INSTABILITY

The article presents an analysis of the passenger airliner market and an assessment of its development prospects in the context of macroeconomic instability caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. The Russian Federation is working to create a national aviation industry, which was significantly lost after the collapse of the USSR. The SSJ-100 midrange passenger airliner has been developed and mass-produced, and the newest MS-21 passenger airliner is undergoing flight tests. Operation of the SSJ-100 liner has proved its effectiveness. The leading national airline Aeroflot operates 49 SSJ-100 units. Other domestic operators are Gazpromavia, Yakutia, Yamal, IrAero, and Azimut airlines. The cost of SSJ-100 and MS-21 is significantly lower compared to foreign competitors. Based on the analysis of the global passenger air transportation market in 2014 and forecasts up to 2034, the segment of short-and medium-range air routes from 500 to 5000 km is the most popular. National airlines operate foreign-made aircraft (European Union, USA, Brazil, Canada). At the same time, the average age of the national airline fleet is extremely high. The data provided by airlines from France, Italy and the United States shows that these states are implementing support measures aimed at stimulating the demand of domestic aircraft manufacturers. The development of state support measures for national airlines operating the SSJ-100 and MS-21 Airliners contributes to the development of the national civil aircraft industry in conditions of macroeconomic instability.
Keywords: aircraft construction, civil aircraft construction, SSJ-100, MS-21, macroeconomic instability, COVID-19. Highlights: ♦ the passenger air transport market is an indicator of the development of the civil aircraft industry; ♦ the European experience of airlines overcoming the global financial crisis in 2008 has shown that in conditions of macroeconomic instability, the demand for affordable, low-cost air transportation is increasing; ♦ the main provision of the concept of budget airlines is the simultaneous operation of aircraft of the same type with the maximum possible indicator of operational efficiency; ♦ the largest budget airlines in Europe - "easyJet", "Wizz Air", "Ryanair", "Transavia" made a one-time purchase of a significant number of aircraft units in the period of 2009-2012 in order to expand the fleet and develop the route network; ♦ the COVID-19 pandemic has extremely negative consequences for the passenger air transport industry, which, in turn, will have a very negative impact on the civil aircraft industry. Overcoming the crisis situation is possible with the implementation of effective measures of state support of market participants (aircraft manufacturers and airlines).

Email:	v.v.rublev@yandex.ru
Сведения:	Vladimir V. Rublev, Post-graduate student of the Strategic Planning and Management of Housing and Communal Complex Department of the Institute of Economics and Management of Vladimir State University.

FINANCE, MONETARY CIRCULATION AND CREDIT

Kuzmina O. Yu, Konovalova M.E., Mishin A. Yu.

ECONOMIC INTERESTS OF A COMMERCIAL BANK IN THE PROCESS OF SECURITIZATION OF MORTGAGE ASSETS

The article is devoted to the analysis of forms of realization of economic interests of a commercial bank in the process of securitization of mortgage assets. The relevance of the research topic is that securitization of mortgage loans is an important factor in attracting long-term investments in the economy, as well as the development of commercial banks, which, in turn, are integral elements of the successful functioning of the financial system. The purpose of this article is to assess the degree of influence of the securitization mechanism on the financial performance of a commercial bank. The object of research is the mechanism of mortgage securitization. The subject of the study is the economic and institutional relations that arise between participants in the transaction of securitization of mortgage assets. The study analyzes the current state of the bank mortgage securitization market in Russia, identifies key trends in its development, and uses the tools of probability theory and statistical analysis to determine the degree of influence of securitization transactions on the financial activities of credit organizations. The authors of the article assume that the volume of the mortgage securities market will gradually grow in the future, since there is an increase in the volume of mortgage loans and the average size of mortgage coverage.
Keywords: economic interests, originator`s bank, SPV, securitization, mortgage securities, liquid¬ity indicators. Highlights: ♦ the securitization mechanism allows you to solve many tasks and bring benefits to all participants of the financial market. For banks, securitization is a great way to attract additional financing on fairly favorable terms, diversify their funding sources, and, just as important, manage their performance and maintain the required standards; ♦ in general, securitization in the Russian Federation is gaining momentum and has a good potential for growth, despite the presence of some problems related to the immaturity and peculiarities of the Russian market, mainly in the area of legislation and low demand; ♦ statistical testing of the impact of securitization on the performance of banks in the Russian market did not show a significant improvement in indicators after transactions. As a result of transactions, original banks manage to significantly increase their current liquidity ratios.

Email:	pisakina83@yandex.ru, mkonoval@mail.ru, alink2501@gmail.com
Сведения:	Olga Yu. Kuzmina, Candidate of Economics, Associate Professor of the Economic Theory Department; Maria E. Konovalova, Doctor of Economics, Head of the Economic Theory Department; Alexey Yu. Mishin, Postgraduate student - Samara State University of Economics.

LABOR ECONOMICS

Frantasov D.N., Papirovskaya L.I.

AUTOMATED ASSESSMENT OF RAILWAY TRANSPORT PERSONNEL FOR IDENTIFYING RISK BEHAVIOR AS A MEANS OF IMPROVING THE ENTERPRISE ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY*

The article analyzes the problem of improving the safety of transport processes on Russian Railways through the introduction of automated methods for assessing the risk behavior of personnel. To provide high-quality transport services, the company should organize a risk management system and comply the guaranteed safety of the transportation process, namely, perform such tasks as identifying potential risk areas and assessing the possibility of preventing or minimizing risks, preventing the risks occurrence based on their systematic forecasting and evaluation, creating management tools and mechanisms that implement effective risk management. We consider the regulatory framework for developing software that performs automated testing using certain methods, systematization and storage of results, as well as the formation of recommendations to minimize the probability of risky behavior. This system will improve the safety of transportation, improve the quality of risk management and their assessment by creating an environment for analyzing dangerous risk factors, i.e. dangerous sources that affect the safety of the transportation process.
Keywords: automated behavior testing, risk management, risk tendencies. Highligh ts: ♦ automation of the process of processing information supplemented with data from related information systems can become a foundation for intellectual analysis of data on inherent risks of personnel or a basis for analyzing the causes of technological violations; ♦ automation allows to analyze the condition of an employee with the identification of a tendency to certain violations of labor discipline on an arbitrary scale; ♦ the manager has the opportunity to get more complete information about the employees of his department, which contributes to the improvement of the management system and the development of the organization`s safety culture.

*По техническим причинам при вёрстке номера статья перенесена в Вестник СГЭУ. 2020. №11(193)

Email:	frantasov@mail.ru; papirovskaya@gmail.com
Сведения:	Dmitry N. Frantasov, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Samara State University of Economics.; Larisa I. Papirovskaya, Associate Professor of Samara State Transport University.

REGIONAL ECONOMICS

ECONOMICS, ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT OF ORGANIZATIONS, BRANCHES, COMPLEXES

FINANCE, MONETARY CIRCULATION AND CREDIT

LABOR ECONOMICS