Cluster initiatives as a tool for the development of innovative entrepreneurship
Abstract. Innovations are a key resource for development, contributing to the evolution of the product line, progress in production, logistics and management processes. Since expenses on innovations and research and development create a basis of the innovation process, there are two ways to accelerate technological development: increasing the level of expenses and increasing their efficiency. Based on this simple conclusion, we can formulate two ways of state management of technical progress: stimulating innovation expenses by companies using various methods or creating conditions for increasing the efficiency of innovation processes. The first solution seems to be an extensive path of development and is limited by budget capabilities. In addition, budget innovations are not always conditioned by their real usefulness for organizations, which negatively affects the overall efficiency of the process as a whole. The second way - creating favorable conditions for increasing the effectiveness of the innovation process for enterprises - seems to be a more rational solution. In this context, cooperation and integration are seen as the main factors due to which it is possible to increase the productivity of innovations in the business environment. At this stage of the evolutionary development of the economy, the most effective solution in world practice is the creation of clusters of innovative direction, for the participants of which the effectiveness of innovations increases due to the mutual proximity of their sources, internal connectivity within the cluster and the joint use of investments and R&D. In the context of the current study, an analysis of the development of cluster initiatives in Russia was conducted, an assessment of the dynamics and the current stage was given using the example of changes in the amount of R&D expenses for the participants of these integration associations. It was found that at present, expenses on scientific research activities among the participants of industrial clusters are decreasing, which is the reason for the low level of organizational interaction and the small size of the clusters themselves.
Keywords: analysis, interaction, dynamics, innovation, clusters, development, production cooperation, efficiency.
Hightlightts:
- integration associations, due to the effect of scale, joint use of resources, investments and technologies, increase the success of individual participants in such associations; clusters are a more advanced stage of organizational development compared to technology parks, which in the evolutionary view is the next stage of technological development;
- in Russia, there is no such concept as an "innovative" or "scientific and technological" cluster at the moment, and innovative development and increasing efficiency of innovative processes are based on the existing base of industrial integration associations, although in practice, the Moscow region can be considered as a scientific and technological cluster by international standards;
- the current organizational level of development of industrial clusters in Russia is low, and, along with the absence of such a phenomenon as innovative or scientific and technological clusters in general, this leads to the fact that cluster initiatives at the current stage are ineffective as a tool for the development of innovative entrepreneurship.
Sergey E. Afonin - MIREA - Russian Technological University, Moscow, Russia