Significant changes are taking place in the financial sector all over the world, and sustainable development sometimes becomes one of the decisive factors in making investment decisions. There is growing awareness in the society that corporate actions can have a negative impact on the environment and social well-being. Companies, in turn, are recognizing increasingly their role in ensuring environmental and social sustainability, which is collectively referred to as the environmental, social, and governance factors of their operations (ESG). Companies are beginning to integrate the principles of environmental and social responsibility into their daily operations and long-term planning. Currently ESG factors have transformed from minor details into one of the most important indicators of business viability. These non-financial factors are sometimes crucial indicators for investors. ESG reporting, along with traditional financial reporting, is of great importance to investors when assessing risk and long-term growth prospects. Providing high-quality ESG information highlights the company's ability to respond to emerging challenges effectively and take advantage of existing opportunities in ecology, society and corporate governance, ensuring sustainable development and increasing business value in the long term.

In near prospect, it is proposed to supplement the country's official reserves managed by state financial institutions with financial instruments created by private individuals in the form of cryptocurrencies. The purpose for this study was to carry out a comprehensive analysis for the goals, objective prerequisites, accumulated experience, as well as the real potential for further process development of including cryptocurrencies in the list of assets accepted as elements of national financial reserves. In the course of the study, the experience of a number of countries with different levels of socio-economic development was studied – from highly developed, leading in the global economy, to countries belonging to the economic periphery. The author notes the incompleteness and ambiguity of the consequences of the attempts to carry out such a bold monetary and financial transformation. The funding of completing the set of tasks set in the preparation of the presented scientific paper was the conclusion that there is an urgent need for a deep theoretical study of measures to balance central banks with financial assets that are decentralized in origin, such as cryptocurrencies, instead of an experiment that is not prepared scientifically, methodically and organizationally, which is expressed in the partial replacement of official reserves of fiat currencies with cryptocurrencies. At the empirical level, it seems advisable for the state to accumulate initially and use the latter in a specially created investment cryptocurrency fund.

Despite the processes of deglobalization, international labor migration to the construction sector continues to grow, creating threats to migration security through the processes of "polarization" of flows – social tensions, illegal employment and economic instability of regional labor markets. The existing studies do not simultaneously take into account the impact of deglobalization with correlation on "polarization," industry specifics, and economic security risks, which makes it difficult to develop effective mechanisms for managing migration flows. The main problem lies in the lack of a holistic conceptual model explaining the mechanisms for increasing international labor migration during the period of deglobalization, when traditional theories of globalization and the free movement of labor are losing explanatory power. The institutional, eco nomic and social factors that allow the construction market to act as a "point of attraction" for migrants, contrary to the general trend towards closeness and fragmentation of the global space, have not been studied sufficiently. The term reverse polarization of migration flows is not sufficiently disclosed. The paper proposes the approach to analyzing the depolarization of migration flows, a process in which labor is redistributed be tween and within countries with different levels of development, including through the return of some migrants to their homeland or their relocation to new employment regions. Special attention is paid to assessing the impact of these processes on the economic security of developed countries: the risks for staff shortages in critical industries, labor market imbalances, and potential benefits from workforce diversification are considered. The analysis for the cases from a number of developed countries demonstrating various models of adaptation to new migration realities is carried out. As a result, recommendations are formulated to improve migration policy, taking into account industry specifics and current geopolitical challenges.

The difficult state of current automotive production in Russia requires careful research to find ways out of this situation. Most Russians are convinced that this situation in the automotive industry is caused by Western sanctions, but a close study of the topic refutes this interpretation of events. The purpose of the study was to find the true factors of the dynamics of the domestic car market in recent years in the Russian regions. The proposed research methods have significantly changed the system of views on the problem of the impact of sanctions by expanding the analyzed chronological line, as well as comparing different episodes of the development of the domestic car market in comparison with other economic entities. Three main factors have been identified: the transition from purely national car production in the USSR and the Russian Federation to the production of foreign cars since the 1990s, and the replacement of sanctions during the period of sanctions that could have a beneficial effect on the domestic car industry due to the departure of foreign automakers from Russia to the Chinese car industry, which excludes or greatly delays the revival of the national automotive industry in the regions, the government's failure to use the opportunities of the sanctions period to issue a large-scale strategic government order to domestic automakers for the development and production of a whole range of cars for officials and the military, which could begin the revival of the national automotive industry in the regions of Russia.

The article examines regional financial systems, as well as the directions contributing to their development. The factors that have the most significant impact on economic growth have been studied. The findings of the study demonstrated that for regional financial systems, attention should be paid to the specifics of the economic development of each federal district and each Russian region, since these specifics directly affect the development of the financial system of each individual region and, accordingly, the country as a whole. The economic growth of a region directly depends on the level of development of its financial system. This system plays a crucial role in redirecting financial flows, stimulating investment, supporting entrepreneurship, and improving capital efficiency. The study analyzes how the development of the regional financial system contributes to the economic growth of the Russian regions. To conduct the study, such methods as scientific verification, analysis, conclusions from the particular to the general (induction) and from the general to the particular (deduction) were applied, as well as generalization and systematization of the data obtained. The conclusion was formulated the process of development of regional financial systems is a factor in the economic growth of the regions at the present stage.

This study addresses a key aspect of protecting company's economic interests, i.e. establishing a reliable control mechanism for procurement activities. In a market environment, this issue gains particular significance, as evidenced by regularly published statistics. According to this data, wrongdoing within companies related to procurement is widespread. Typically, they are expressed as collusion between responsible employees and counterparties, resulting in the artificial inflation of contract costs and illegal pay. The consequences of such schemes include not only direct financial losses and inflated tax liabilities but also significant damage to the company's business reputation. The goal of this paper is to develop practical recommendations for building a system of internal control over procurement activities. As a result, the author substantiates a concept of phased, continuous control focused on risk assessment. Its central principle is the reallocation of resources towards auditing the most critical phases of the procurement process: determining its necessity, formulating requirements for goods or services, selecting a counterparty and analyzing the proposed price. This approach enables neutralization of potential threats in the bud and optimizes the labor costs of the internal audit function. Additionally, the study analyzes contemporary methods for enhancing the security of business processes. These include the use of electronic platforms for competitive procurement to increase transparency; implementation of information systems for supplier relationship management (SRM) and data loss prevention (DLP); and monitoring of indirect behavioral indicators among personnel.

This article examines the ethics of using artificial intelligence in the recruitment and selection processes, with an emphasis on the balance between effectiveness of recruitment services, fairness of candidate evaluation and guarantees of human rights. The study aims at reviewing existing academic and practical sources systematically, identifying key risks such as algorithmic bias, lack of decision transparency, reduced candidate autonomy and privacy violations, and analyzing the conditions under which the use of AI in recruiting can be considered ethical. Using the method of systematic literature review and qualitative analysis for practices, the paper proposes a theoretical framework of five key ethical principles (validity, autonomy, non-discrimination, privacy, transparency) and formulates recommendations for HR specialists, developers of AI tools and company management. The paper has theoretical significance due to expended discussion about the ethics of AI in recruiting through the prism of human rights, and the practical value lies in providing guidance for introduction of AI tools to minimize risks. The findings demonstrate that AI in recruiting is not unethical in itself, but it becomes problematic in the absence of human control, insufficient verification of algorithms, lack of transparency and respect for candidates' rights.

The article presents the findings of the study on the sub-process of managing personality development of specialists, as one of the sub-processes of managing personnel development process. The purpose, objectives, and hypothesis of the study are formulated. A brief analysis for scientific approaches to determining the directions within the framework of considering the process of personality development of specialists is presented. The main research directions of the authors are formulated. The necessity of improving the methodological tools of the sub-process of managing personality development of specialists is substantiated. The main problems in implementing the sub-process of managing the personality development are considered, and the form of research and development of this sub-process is proposed. The measures have been developed to eliminate problems in the implementation of this sub-process, and their implementation tools have been formulated. The model of the sub-process of managing personality development of specialists and the model of implementing this sub-process have been developed. The paper presents fragments of technologies for operational preparation and implementation of the sub-process development of managing personality development of company personnel. The article substantiates the expediency of technologizing the process of managing personnel development, starting with the sub-processes that ensure the effectiveness of its implementation, and the possibility of using the developed methodological support in practice. The article formulates indicators that can be used to assess effectiveness of the management sub-process of personality development of specialists in the interests of the company innovative development.

This article develops a comprehensive methodology for analyzing stability of small social systems, which are considered fundamental, self-regulating units of a society. In today's highly dynamic and unstable socioeconomic environment, sustainability of these basic structures is of paramount importance. This paper examines a small social system through the state of three key interrelated characteristics: the material component, which represents the resource base; the information and communication component, which determines the quality of data exchange and the level of social tension; and the energy component, which reflects the level of psychophysiological resources and motivation of participants. To assess each of these com ponents quantitatively, the method for integrated indicators is proposed, aggregating the weighted values of relevant primary metrics. The primary tool for visualization and holistic analysis is the construction of a phase portrait of the system in a three-dimensional space formed by integrated indicators, which allows for identifying zones of high and low system functionality. The quantitative criterion for stability is the dynamics of parameter dispersion in this phase space, estimated using the principal component analysis (PCA), where the measure of dispersion is the sum of the eigenvalues of the covariance matrix. The proposed methodology was tested using a small enterprise team as a case study, demonstrating its practical applicability. The identified oscillatory dynamics of the total variance, with a tendency toward parameter concentration, is interpreted within the framework of catastrophe theory as a sign of a stable but adaptable system state. The developed approach provides the researcher with an integrated toolkit for moving from qualitative description to quantitative diagnostics and monitoring of the resilience of small social systems.

In the context of active implementation of international alliances projects and strategic rap prochement between Russia and China, there is the need for developing scientifically grounded regulatory and methodological support for managing joint projects. The existing international (ISO, PMI, IPMA) and na tional (Rosstandart and SAC) project management standardization systems do not provide regulation of pro ject activities for international alliances. This leads to increased transaction costs, fragmentation of manage ment processes, and reduced project effectiveness. This institutional vacuum can be filled by creating a sys tem for forming regulatory and methodological tools for managing international alliance projects (SFORMI). The key elements of this system include the regulatory and institutional framework. Therefore, the aim of the study is to develop the regulatory and institutional framework of SFORMI. The study was conducted using a set of general scientific methods for abstraction, analysis, synthesis, comparison, systems approach, and modeling method. The data collection and analysis were carried out using the documentary analysis method. As a result of the study, three approaches to forming the institutional framework were identified (state, non state, and mixed), and the advantage of the mixed form combining interstate strategic management with operational flexible self-regulation was substantiated. The Project Legal Regime (PLR) was proposed as a comprehensive intersectoral institute that gives the project independent legal status, integrating formal and informal norms. The hierarchical structure of necessary interstate agreements, national laws, and by-laws for forming and functioning of SFORMI was formed. The study findings can be applied by state authorities of Russia and China to create SFORMI. Further research directions may include development of the methodo logical apparatus of SFORMI.

The study is devoted to the analysis for the enterprise’s financial condition based on liquidity indicators and the application of multidimensional analytical methods. Under conditions of increasing eco nomic uncertainty, the assessment of an organization’s financial condition becomes particularly important, requiring the use not only of classical financial ratios but also integral methods that take into account a com plex set of factors. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the combined use of liquidity analysis and taxonomic methods to assess the financial condition of an organization and to justify its optimal financial strategy. This approach makes it possible to transform a set of heterogeneous financial indicators into a single integral development index, providing a deeper understanding of trends in liquidity and financial stability and supporting strategic management decisions. The practical significance of the study consists in demonstrating that the application of the taxonomic method allows the identification of periods of improvement and deterioration in the financial position of an organization, as well as the use of obtained indicators for substantiated managerial decision-making and financial strategy formation. The purpose of the study is to analyze the financial condition of Transneft-Privolga JSC based on liquidity indicators using the taxonomic method and justify the choice of the enterprise’s financial strategy. The study includes calculations of absolute and relative liquidity indicators, standardization of initial data, construction of reference indicators, and estimation of deviations from them. The object of the study is the financial condition of Transneft-Privolga JSC, while the subject is liquidity indicators and their dynamics assessed using the taxonomic method and econometric models. The use of multidimensional statistical tools makes it possible to analyze financial indicators in their interrelation, increasing the reliability of findings regarding the organization’s current condition and development directions. Thus, the scientific problem of the study consists in expanding the possibilities of combining analytical tools that allow an objective assessment of financial condition dynamics based on liquidity indicators and justification of financial strategy selection under economic uncertainty.

This study explores the application of nonlinear machine learning models to forecasting regional labor productivity and identifying its key determinants. Several ensemble methods were employed, with the random forest model achieving the best predictive performance. To account for interregional heterogeneity, clustering of labor productivity time series was performed and a categorical label indicating each region’s cluster membership was introduced, which captured structural differences and enhanced the sustainability and interpretability of the forecasts. The forecasting accuracy was compared with that of traditional linear models commonly used in domestic research, revealing a consistent superiority of nonlinear approaches. Interpretation of the final random forest model using the Mean Decrease in Gini criterion indicated that the most influential factors affecting labor productivity are the growth rate of real wages and the dynamics of investment in fixed capital, which aligns with previous empirical findings. Furthermore, the use of SHAP values enabled a more detailed assessment of the direction and magnitude of each feature’s contribution, enhancing the interpretability and transparency of the model. The findings provide evidence supporting the transition from conventional econometric approaches to machine learning methods for forecasting macroeconomic indicators.