The article is devoted to the analysis of the various challenges faced by Peru in connection with the implementation of one of the largest energy projects in the country's history - the Camisea gas complex. Located in the Urubamba River basin in the Cusco department, this project, operated since 2004 by a consortium led by Pluspetrol, provides 96 % of Peru's natural gas production and generates 40 % of the country's electricity. However, despite the large-scale macroeconomic achievements, the authors focus on the systemic contradictions that prevent the transformation of resource wealth into sustainable development. The article discusses four groups of key issues. The authors prove that infrastructural constraints are the main barrier to the mass introduction of gas: the total length of gas pipelines in Peru is only 925 km, which is significantly inferior to the indicators of other countries in the region. The article shows that the lack of an extensive pipeline network forces gas to be transported to remote regions by tanker trucks, which makes it unaffordable for a significant part of the population. The authors have identified a number of other factors limiting the use of gas, including environmental and reputational risks. Over the two decades of operation, the complex has repeatedly been the object of criticism from environmental organizations and international institutions. Pipeline ruptures raise legitimate concerns among the indigenous peoples of Bajo-Urubamba about water and soil pollution. At the same time, according to the report "Banks vs. The Amazon", since 2016, 16 major international banks (including Citibank, JPMorgan Chase and HSBC) have provided $3.1 billion in financing to the project, which demonstrates the gap between the climate commitments of financial institutions and their real investment policies.

   Agricultural production is the most risky activity worldwide. Therefore, most developed countries implement government programs to regulate investment in innovative agribusiness development. In Russia, the Strategy for the Development of the Agro-Industrial and Fisheries Complexes of the Russian Federation through 2030 was approved in 2022 to ensure the long-term and prospective development of the agro-industrial and fisheries complexes of the Russian Federation. This strategy provides for state support for investment in the agro-industrial complex; however, the mechanisms for its distribution at the regional level require further development, taking into account long-term planning and short-term investment payback periods. The research proposes that preference in the formation and distribution of state support for investment activities among agro-industrial complex organizations at the regional level be granted to agricultural producers in the most effective areas of agricultural production and those united in various organizational forms with agricultural processors. This will create a favorable environment for generating profits and subsequent investments at their own expense in the expanded reproduction of various types of activities. The article proposes a model of state regulation of investment activities in the agro-industrial complex with a mechanism for forecasting and distributing state support to the most promising areas of agricultural production in the context of market uncertainty.

   This article explores the role of non-financial reporting as a key tool for ensuring the transparency of corporate operations and promoting sustainable societal development. Since there are no fixed rules in Russia on the obligation of an economic entity to publish non-financial statements, and there is no single data presentation format, companies independently determine the format for preparing and submitting non-financial reports based on their own needs, which leads to disparity in reports. It examines the specifics of current non-financial reporting standards and systematizes current issues related to their preparation. Based on this analysis, the authors propose a recommended non-financial report structure designed to streamline the disclosure process and improve its quality. The empirical portion of the study includes an analysis of non-financial reports from leading Russian companies. This analysis revealed significant differences in the completeness and detail of disclosed information depending on the company's industry and specific indicators (environmental, social, and governance). The article formulates practical measures for improving existing standards, formats, and procedures for providing non-financial information to increase its accessibility, comparability, and usefulness for all interested users.

   Tax consulting is part of the consulting services sector, and it plays an important role in the dynamic development of entrepreneurial activities. The result of tax consulting is the implementation of measures developed by consultants, which are used in the activities of the analyzed enterprise to identify and solve existing problems in the functioning of the economic entity.

   The importance and relevance of research on the development of the theoretical foundations of tax consulting in Russia as a tool for ensuring the efficiency of commercial structures allows for the development of measures for tax optimization in the enterprise management system.

   The purpose of the study is to develop theoretical and methodological provisions on tax consulting, its tools, and to develop practical recommendations for using tax consulting models.

   The study used general scientific methods of dialectics, systemic and comprehensive approaches. Special methods and techniques were applied, including analysis and synthesis, grouping, systematization, and generalization. The study identified the stages of the formation and development of tax consulting in Russia, revealed their content, developed the theoretical foundations of the essence of tax consulting in modern Russia, and provided practical recommendations for using tax consulting models. The research results may be of interest to researchers, consultants, accountants, and economists who specialize in tax issues and taxation of commercial entities.

   Since the early 2000^s, many Russian companies, faced with rising operating costs, declining productivity, and falling profitability, have adopted an effective corporate management methodology — process-oriented management (BPM). To date, Russian companies have accumulated extensive positive experience using BPM, which has proven its effectiveness. The need to scale this management approach, which enables organizations to improve product quality and market competitiveness over the long term, is clear.

   The purpose of this research article is to analyze current challenges in implementing process-oriented management in Russian companies and identify promising areas for its development in our country.

   The study relies on general scientific research methods—analysis, synthesis, comparison, induction, and deduction. This article examines the content of process-based management, its advantages over traditional management approaches, and its positive economic and social impacts. It identifies key challenges in implementing process-based management, including the need to restructure the organizational structure, suppress employee resistance, organize staff training in new methods, incur additional financial costs, and utilize automated systems and information technologies. Based on these challenges, promising areas for the development of process-based management in Russian companies are identified.

   This article examines the transformation of management consulting (MC) functions driven by the ongoing nature of digital transformation and companies' strategic goal of building or integrating into business ecosystems. It demonstrates that under these conditions, a fundamentally new model of consulting-client relationships is emerging, based on long-term strategic partnerships rather than one-off project interventions. The traditional role of external expert is being replaced by the integrated function of the consultant as a strategic integrator of change and partner-coach, whose activities are aimed at developing sustainable and adaptive ecosystem business models that serve as the foundation for long-term competitive advantage. The study analyzes the redistribution of roles between external and internal consultants and proposes a structure for their interaction with the client company, including diagnostics of change readiness and an assessment of digital maturity at all stages of organizational transformation.

   Particular emphasis is placed on the fact that successful ecosystem transformations require not only technological modernization but also targeted changes in the client's organizational culture, as well as the consistent development of a self-learning organization capable of continuous adaptation.

   The emergence of new players in the consulting services market is also examined: tech giants (Yandex, Google, Nvidia) and digital platforms (banks, government portals), which are beginning to actively compete with traditional consulting firms by offering integrated solutions with built-
in expertise.

   The current volatile economic environment creates uncertainty and significant risks for the production and financial activities of industrial enterprises engaged in the production of chrysotile asbestos. The industry's specific nature, coupled with the ongoing global anti-asbestos campaign for several decades, makes risk management particularly relevant. This study analyzes the operating conditions and risk factors for chrysotile asbestos enterprises, identifying key risks. A study of the experience and approaches applied in risk management reveals the specific features of the methods used in practice and the results obtained.

   The focus is on enterprises in Russia and Kazakhstan–the leading players in the global chrysotile asbestos market.

   The analysis is based on public and non-public reporting, primary accounting, and internal regulatory documents of the companies. Deficiencies in the current risk management approaches lead to a decrease in the overall performance of enterprises.

   The objective of the study is to develop methodological tools for assessing and mitigating risks, thereby improving the effectiveness of risk management systems.

   The objective of the article is to identify and systematize key problems of IT project management impeding their successful implementation, through a comparative analysis of global and Russian experience under the conditions of geopolitical and economic turbulence of 2024–2025.

   The study is based on a theoretical analysis of project management evolution, as well as an empirical analysis of statistical data from reports by the Standish Group, McKinsey, KPMG, and Russian analytical agencies. A method of classifying problems into "factual" and "value-based" was applied for the in-depth diagnosis of the causes of project failures. It has been established that, despite the development of tools (Agile, DevOps), the share of unsuccessful projects globally remains high (up to 66 %), and in Russia, it is exacerbated by specific factors: sanctions pressure, the need for emergency import substitution, and cultural resistance to change. The hypothesis that the root causes of failures lie not in the technical domain, but in the area of value, communication, and risk management has been proven. A contradiction was revealed between the hierarchical organizational culture of Russian companies and the requirements of agile methodologies.

   It is concluded that it is necessary to transition from directly copying Western methodologies to creating hybrid domestic management models based on a sovereign technology stack and proactive risk management using intelligent systems.

   An attempt has been made to substantiate a comprehensive approach to overcoming the identified barriers, based on the synthesis of hybrid methodologies, import substitution strategy, and artificial intelligence technologies.

   The strategy for the development of financial technologies implemented by the Central Bank of the Russian Federation involves work in the direction of digitalization of various areas of activity of domestic financial institutions to increase the sustainability of their business, in particular, by introducing data-driven management methods and tools. The challenge of the study is to develop an effective way to support lending decisions in microfinance organizations through the use of data collection, storage and analytics methods and the creation of appropriate infrastructure. In this work, as a management support tool in a microfinance organization (MFI), it is proposed to use an information and analytical system (IAS), which includes four modules (data - analytics - management - presentation) and provides an increase in the efficiency of decisions on issuing microloans. Based on retrospective data on customer behavior, MFIs developed and tested credit risk forecasting models using machine learning algorithms (CatBoost, Logistic Regression). The gradient boosting model was found to show a higher predictive ability than the logistic regression model. Gradient boosting model predictions were calibrated to improve the interpretability of the model predictions. Also, for the purposes of interpreting the logic of the model, the sensitivity of forecasts to customer-related factors was analyzed using the SHAP method. The results of the analysis of the model showed that at the threshold of the probability of default τ = 0.22, a microfinance organization can receive significant savings from the use of a system that predicts the risks of non-repayment of loans by customers. A methodology for assessing the economic efficiency of using the information and analytical system is proposed. The information system tested in the study as a tool to support management in MFIs and the methodology for assessing the economic efficiency of its use create the prerequisites for the further development of the concept and methods of management based on data in domestic financial institutions.

   In the context of the digital transformation of the financial market, the competitiveness of commercial banks is increasingly determined not so much by traditional financial and economic indicators as by the level of digital technology adoption, the flexibility of business models and the quality of customer experience. The article examines the evolution of scientific approaches to assessing the competitiveness of commercial banks and substantiates the need for their adaptation to the digital economy.

   The purpose of the research is to develop and test an integrated approach to assessing the competitiveness of banks, taking into account digital marketing metrics.

   The paper systematizes modern business models of banks, proposes a system of quantitative and qualitative indicators of competitiveness, and provides a comparative assessment of the competitive positions of Russian banks of various types. The study found that the digitalization of the financial sector leads to a change in the factors of formation of competitive advantages of banks and the transformation of the mechanisms of banking competition. It is proved that the existing approaches to assessing the competitiveness of banks do not sufficiently take into account the influence of technological factors on the efficiency of their activities. The proposed approach makes it possible to comprehensively assess the competitive positions of banks, taking into account the level of their digital adaptability and the specifics of the business model being implemented. The results obtained can be used in the strategic management of commercial banks.

   This article presents a classification of tax incentives based on the availability of additional state-established conditions for their implementation (unconditional and conditional), which is relevant for taxpayers using tax strategy to strengthen their financial positions. It substantiates state targets for the introduction of various types of tax incentives for value-added tax, income tax, property taxes, and certain special tax regimes, which constitute an important element of the tax system of the Republic of Belarus. To improve the effectiveness of tax incentives in tax strategy, the article presents a description of tax incentives from the perspective of their static nature under current legislation, the risks of using them as a tool for optimizing tax liabilities, and the predictability of their impact on the taxpayer's financial performance. It has been argued that unconditional tax incentives (static) which are automatically granted to a certain group of taxpayers are an important method of tax optimization while maintaining internal corporate governance and resource allocation practices. It has been demonstrated that conditional tax incentives (dynamic) are implemented through a mechanism for taxpayers to adapt to the country's economic development priorities which increases the level of uncertainty in tax planning. It has been found that, from a tax strategy perspective, the use of a tax incentive with a limited validity period offers taxpayers an advantage over a situation where the preferential tax regime has no time limit.

   This article examines the impact of «green» finance in the context of sustainable development.

   The objective of the study is to develop and test a methodological approach to assessing the consolidated impact of «green» finance instruments on the level and dynamics of environmental debt.

   The key measurable variable is the aggregated indicator of environmental debt, reflecting the cumulative anthropogenic pressure on the natural environment.

   The subject of the study is a set of indicators characterizing the state of the environment and the indicators influencing it.

   The most important of these, along with green investments, GDP dynamics, and urbanization, is the business complexity index. As a result of the modeling, the authors substantiated the existence of a stable relationship between the effectiveness of «green» finance and the observed results of sustainable development, which is determined by the level of business complexity. The business complexity index, reflecting the regulatory, administrative, and organizational conditions under which companies operate, is used as a key institutional factor. It is shown that a decrease in this index is
associated with an increase in companies' environmental debt, which is due to a limited ability to effectively attract and utilize green financing instruments. Conversely, a higher level of business complexity promotes institutional discipline, increased transparency, and greater environmental responsibility, leading to a reduction in environmental debt. It appears that the authors have successfully attempted to model the expected effect of attracting «green» financing by corporate entities across various economic sectors and countries in mitigating their environmental debt.

   The scientific novelty of the study lies in the uniqueness of the model functions constructed for each of the dependent variables, which are influenced by the aforementioned financial and macroeconomic independent variables. According to the researchers, this generates environmental debt – a financially measurable indicator of such impact.

   The practical significance of the study lies in the potential use of the proposed model to substantiate strategic decisions in the areas of climate policy, natural resource management, and the development of sustainable financing mechanisms.

   The article is devoted to the analysis of the current fiscal instruments of the Republic of Bashkortostan and the assessment of their effectiveness in the context of the strategic task of ensuring the financial self-sufficiency of the region. The article notes that in the context of sanctions pressure, high volatility of foreign markets, and the need for import substitution, the issue of the financial self-sufficiency of the Republic of Bashkortostan is of particular importance. It has been established that the consolidated budget revenues of the Republic of Bashkortostan remain dependent on the situation in the oil refining sector. The following fiscal instruments have been identified and systematized: regional tax benefits (for income and property taxes), special investment contract mechanisms (SPIC), the activities of development institutions, and program budget expenditures. The current fiscal instruments for ensuring the financial self-sufficiency of the Republic of Bashkortostan create a formal basis for improving the investment climate and provide targeted incentives for individual projects, mainly in capital-intensive industries. The article concludes with an analysis of current challenges that require the transformation of fiscal regulation in order to create a sustainable revenue base and achieve long-term financial stability in the region. The implementation of the key solutions proposed in the study will increase the stability and predictability of the Republic of Bashkortostan's revenue base, which is the foundation of its long-term financial self-sufficiency.

   The article discusses the problem of improving the system of economic monitoring of subsurface use through the use of ontological models.

   The relevance of the research is due to the increasing complexity of project management in this area, the need to integrate heterogeneous data (geological, economic, environmental) into a single system, as well as the need to increase the validity of management decisions.

   The aim of the work is to develop an ontological model that provides structuring and semantic coherence of information for economic analysis tasks.

   To achieve this goal, it was necessary to solve a number of tasks: to formalize the conceptual framework of the subject area, build a hierarchy of classes, properties and axioms, develop mechanisms for extracting key economic indicators, and ensure integration with existing information systems for managing subsurface use.

   The research uses methods of ontological engineering, semantic modeling (OWL and RDF standards), and data integration technologies (D2RQ/R2RML). The validation of the model was carried out with the involvement of experts in the field of geological and economic analysis. The results include a formalized ontological model with a hierarchy of classes and axioms, a set of SPARQL queries for extracting economic indicators (cost of production, profitability of sites, investment attractiveness of deposits), as well as a demonstration of the integration of the model with information systems.

   The practical significance lies in the systematization of data, ensuring the semantic consistency of information and improving the quality of management decisions.