Evolution of the logistics component of the Silk Road: spatial and technological transformation

In the context of the current restructuring of global supply chains, the transformation of the Eurasian transport space is acquiring strategic significance for the global geoeconomic struggle. However, traditional economic models focused on assessing functioning infrastructure fail to explain the redistribution of geoeconomic influence occurring amid the rapid digitalization of international logistics. The purpose of this article is to identify patterns and specific features of the spatial and technological evolution of the logistics component of the Silk Road during the transition to a digital ecosystem. The methodological framework is based on the world-system approach and the concept of "technology – space – power". The study employs the methods of retrospective and comparative analysis, as well as the synthesis of empirical data. Three historical phases in the development of transcontinental transport routes in the Eurasian space are identified and characterized. It is demonstrated that in the context of digitalization, control over intelligent algorithms and data flows is becoming a more significant factor in determining dominance than political and economic power. It is argued that the implementation of end-to-end information technologies (smart hubs, distributed ledgers) in the international transportation management system will help bridge the gap between entities and ensure seamless transcontinental transport routes. The article substantiates the conclusion that the active participation of Eurasian Economic Union countries in the development of digital sovereignty and international data exchange standards is essential for successful integration with the Silk Road Economic Belt initiative.

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