Predictability of tax incentives in the tax system of the Republic of Belarus

   This article presents a classification of tax incentives based on the availability of additional state-established conditions for their implementation (unconditional and conditional), which is relevant for taxpayers using tax strategy to strengthen their financial positions. It substantiates state targets for the introduction of various types of tax incentives for value-added tax, income tax, property taxes, and certain special tax regimes, which constitute an important element of the tax system of the Republic of Belarus. To improve the effectiveness of tax incentives in tax strategy, the article presents a description of tax incentives from the perspective of their static nature under current legislation, the risks of using them as a tool for optimizing tax liabilities, and the predictability of their impact on the taxpayer's financial performance. It has been argued that unconditional tax incentives (static) which are automatically granted to a certain group of taxpayers are an important method of tax optimization while maintaining internal corporate governance and resource allocation practices. It has been demonstrated that conditional tax incentives (dynamic) are implemented through a mechanism for taxpayers to adapt to the country's economic development priorities which increases the level of uncertainty in tax planning. It has been found that, from a tax strategy perspective, the use of a tax incentive with a limited validity period offers taxpayers an advantage over a situation where the preferential tax regime has no time limit.

1. Kireeva E.F., Ponkratova V.V. Tax incentives in stimulating innovation: global experience and current trends // Finance. 2025. No. 5. Pp. 22–29.

2. Macroeconomic Regulation of the Development of the Republic of Belarus / A.I. Luchenok [et al.] ; under the general editorship of A.I. Luchenok ; Nat. Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Institute of Economics. Minsk : Belarus. Navuka, 2023. 225 p.

3. Lukyanova I.A. Tax Strategy of the Modern State: Theory, Methodology, Practice : abstract of diss. … Doctor of Economics : 08.00.10. Minsk, 2022. 51 p.

4. Shklyarova M.A. Tax regulation of investment activities in the Republic of Belarus : abstract of diss. … Candidate of Economic Sciences : 08.00.10. Minsk, 2016. 27 p.

5. Regulation on the procedure for assessing the effectiveness of tax benefits, fees (duties) : approved by Resolution of the Council of Ministers of Oct. 30, 2019 No. 735. URL: https://pravo.by/document/?guid=3871&p0=C21900735 (date of access: 20. 08. 2025).

6. Vasilevskaya T.I. Taxation of organizations and optimization of tax payments : [taking into account the changes in the legislation of the Republic of Belarus in 2011] : teaching aid. Minsk : TetraSystems, 2011. 80 p.

7. Kononchuk I.A. Tax management in organizations of the Republic of Belarus: state and development prospects : monograph. Pinsk : PolesGU, 2018. 144 p.

8. Kononchuk I.A. Optimization of tax payments by an organization and minimization of tax risks // State regulation of the economy and improving the efficiency of business entities : collection of scientific articles of the XIX International scientific and practical conference, dedicated to the memory of the Honored Worker of Industry, Doctor of Economics, Professor S.A. Pelikh, Minsk, April 17, 2025. Minsk, 2025. Pp. 485–489.

9. Barulin S.V., Ermakova E.A., Stepanenko V.V. Tax management : textbook. Moscow : Dashkov & K, 2012. 332 p.

10. Vylkova E.S. Tax Planning : textbook for masters. Moscow : Yurait, 2011. 639 p.

11. Lukash Yu.A. Tax Optimization. Methods and Schemes. Moscow : GrossMedia, 2006. 384 p.

12. Lukash Yu.A. Tax Planning as a Component of Business Security and Development : study guide. Moscow : Flinta, 2022. 97 p.

13. Mitukova E.S. Tax Planning: More Than 60 Legal Schemes. 4^th ed., revised and expanded. Moscow : IC Group, 2023. 304 p.

14. Myasnikov O.A. Ways to Optimize the Tax Burden on Business. 2^nd ed., revised and expanded. Moscow : IC Group, 2024. 336 p.

15. Taxes and Taxation : textbook for the Academic Bachelor's Degree / M.V. Romanovsky [et al.] ; ed. by M.V. Romanovsky, N.G. Ivanova. Moscow : Yurait, 2016. 441 p.

16. Samitov M.S. Taxes: Optimize or Die. Moscow : Phoenix, 2022. 271 p.

17. Sergeeva T.Yu. Methods and Schemes for Tax Optimization. Moscow : Exam, 2015. 285 p.

18. On Regulatory Legal Acts : Law of the Republic of Belarus of July 17, 2018 No. 130-Z (as amended by the Law of the Republic of Belarus of June 28, 2024 No. 15-Z). URL: https://etalonline.by/document/?regnum=h11800130 (date of access: 23. 10. 2025).

19. Kononchuk I.A., Prigodich I.A. Analytical synopsis of the applied tax methods of stimulating innovative activity in the Republic of Belarus // Banking system: stability and development prospects : collection of scientific articles of the IX International scientific and practical conference on banking economics, Pinsk, Republic of Belarus, Oct. 25–26, 2018. Pinsk : Polesie State University, 2018. Pp. 67–70.