The article presents the results of a study on a characteristic aspect of modern intersectoral structural development, namely the increase in the share of the service sector in overall employment. At the theoretical stage of the research, based on scientific publications by foreign authors of the 2000s, a critical analysis was carried out of the arguments for and against the notion of the historical inevitability of employment tertiarization at the level of global and national economies. Contradictions in the arguments of both sides of the scientific debate that unfolded on this issue were identified, followed by the formulation of the author's position on the need to pay greater attention to aspects of the international division of labor, the transformation of consumer priorities in the context of an emerging post-industrial society, and the assessment of the quality of observed structural shifts. At the empirical stage, the dynamics of the distribution of employment and created gross added value between the agricultural, industrial, and service sectors were analyzed. The share of employment in the global services sector, unlike its share in global gross added value, exceeded 50% in 2024, i.e., with a lag of half a century. Such a discrepancy between the main indicators of the tertiaryization process of the world economy indicates greater stability in goods-producing sectors in terms of employment than in creating new value. Statistically, this is confirmed by the turnaround of the share of industrial employment in 2015 from decline to growth and by exceeding in 2025 the level of the early 1990s.

This article examines the specifics of public-private partnerships (PPPs) as they relate to hightech projects of strategic importance for regional and industry development. PPPs can drive technological progress, stimulating the creation of new jobs, increasing labor productivity, and improving the quality of life. The article analyzes the challenges and limitations associated with the specific nature of such projects, including high investment risks, long payback periods, the need for regular upgrades of assets and technologies, a shortage of qualified personnel, and complex regulatory frameworks. Particular attention is paid to tools and mechanisms that help mitigate risks for private investors and ensure effective government participation in projects. Global practices and current methodological approaches to the development and implementation of public-private partnership projects in high-tech industries are examined, and recommendations for adapting them to Russian business conditions are offered. The paper also examines the development of an optimal model for interaction between participants in PPP projects, including the distribution of responsibilities, risk management, and coordination of all stakeholders. The article is intended for specialists in economics, public administration, and innovation policy.

The importance of wages for economic development stems from the fact that the population's monetary income, the main source of which is remuneration for labor in the form of wages, generates aggregate demand, which leads to production growth: properly structuring the relationship between employee income and actual labor input and the final results of an enterprise increases employee motivation for highly productive work. The relevance of this topic stems from the relationship between wages and the gross regional product, wage differentiation between regions, and the need to study the factors influencing wage levels (market, social, and institutional). The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship and mutual influence of wages and the region's economic and social development. The objectives of the study are to establish the relationship between wages and the share of wages in GDP (GRP) and to analyze the relationship between wage growth and GRP. The study utilized the following methods: empirical (observation, experiment, comparison, measurement), theoretical (analysis and synthesis, abstraction, generalization), tabular, statistical (grouping, index, correlation analysis, distributional method of calculating gross regional product, etc.). The research was based on official data from Rosstat, the RIA Rating agency, the authors' publications on the topic under study, Internet resources, etc. The study established a relationship between wage indicators and economic development, their impact on the population's quality of life, and regional differentiation by wage levels.

The article analyzes the ethical and economic transformation of clinical practice amidst largescale digitalization and the implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) systems. The relevance of the study stems from the gap between the high investment attractiveness of medical technologies and the institutional unreadiness of the ethical and legal environment for Big Data. The study aims to conceptualize the physician's new professional role and develop a matrix model for minimizing operational risks. The research methodology is based on the systematization of 300 publications for the period 2020-2025, as well as the CBA (costbenefit analysis) method. The author verified the correction multiplier of ethical and legal risks, expressed through the cost of liability insurance, which is integrated into the regression model of panel data with fixed effects (FE) to ensure the objectivity of the calculated parameters. In the article, the author substantiates the transition from classical medical paternalism to the "procedural mediator" model in the "clinician–data–algorithm" triad. The research identifies the "diffusion of responsibility" phenomenon arising from algorithmic opacity, which acts as a direct destabilizer of the financial sustainability of healthcare organizations. It is established that the lack of AI recommendation verification mechanisms necessitates reserving up to 12% of the budget for professional liability risks, while irrelevant traditional informed consent models lead to substantial regulatory fines. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the development of an analytical matrix linking bioethical dilemmas with specific financial indicators (ROI, NPV), proving the dependence of a target ROI of 20-30% on the quality of expert mediation by a doctor, and proposing dynamic consent protocols as a tool for optimizing NPV by 8–10%.

This article substantiates the relevance of developing innovative and technological activities of industrial enterprises in the region, systematizes the categorical framework, identifies strengths and constraints, analyzes the state of the innovation and technological sphere in the Saratov Region, and develops recommendations for accelerating this process using clustering. The purpose of this work is to identify problems and substantiate proposals for the formation of a regional innovative cluster of industrial enterprises based on a theoretical study and empirical analysis of innovative and technological activities in the Saratov Region. Objectives of the work: to substantiate the relevance of developing innovative and technological activities of industrial enterprises in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, to clarify the categorical apparatus for the problem under consideration, to analyze the state of the innovation sphere in the Saratov Region, and to determine the content of the organizational and economic mechanism for managing a regional innovative cluster of enterprises. The subject of the work is the organizational and economic relations arising in the process of developing innovative and technological activities of enterprises based on regional clustering. Research methods: dialectical method of cognition, systemic, process, comparative, and economic-statistical analysis. Research results: the content of key economic categories has been clarified, a set of factors hindering innovative and technological development of regions, including the Saratov Region, has been identified, and recommendations for the formation of a cluster model of innovative and technological activities of enterprises have been proposed.

The Russian construction sector is a diverse technical, technological and economic structure that implements the materialization of capital investments in the format of fixed assets for industrial and nonindustrial purposes. It plays an essential role in the spatial development of the country and regions, combining state, social and commercial interests. Currently, the tense macroeconomic situation significantly affects the stability of regional construction companies and reduces the intensity of their operations in the professional field, which is characterized by a fairly high multiplier effect and multilevel interaction with other sectors of industry. The study of the transformation processes of the construction sector allows us to identify strategic and current risks, find solutions to increase sustainability and solvency, taking into account the development plans of the region. The financial and economic activities of an integrated set of construction companies, construction production facilities, quantitative, structural, qualitative, and economic indicators are analyzed in detail at the state, regional, and municipal levels in order to assess the actual state and prospects for further development of the construction sector. A balanced assessment of the region's construction sector is based on the results of an analysis of a wide range of indicators of industry, accounting, statistical, tax and personnel reporting of economic entities, including the volume of construction work performed.

Rapid growth in the oil and gas industry is viewed as a complex economic phenomenon that reflects a sustained increase in key financial and operational indicators (revenue, profit, production, market capitalization, and free cash flow) over a medium-term horizon of 3-5 years and is accompanied by institutional, technological, and managerial transformations. The relevance of the topic is driven by higher industry volatility, the energy transition, and the increasing complexity of competitiveness mechanisms, as well as by differences in growth models across developed and emerging economies. The methodological framework combines general scientific methods (systematization, comparative analysis, and generalization) with empirical approaches (analysis of companies’ financial and operational metrics, case comparison, and typology building). Using international examples (ExxonMobil, Chevron, ConocoPhillips; Petrobras, ADNOC, QatarEnergy; Saturn Oil & Gas and Valeura Energy), the study shows that accelerated development is formed through (i) market-driven asset consolidation and capital discipline, (ii) the development of new resource provinces supported by state-led investment, and (iii) scaling from a low base via M&A and intensive investment. The Russian specificity of rapid growth is substantiated as an adaptive and institutionally managed process under sanctions constraints, export redirection, changes in the fiscal architecture, and logistics restructuring; the features of the leading companies’ models (Rosneft, Gazprom Neft) are identified, combining infrastructure projects, import substitution, and technological integration. The findings formulate the structural determinants of sustainable growth: prioritizing FCF dynamics and return on capital over the sheer scale of CapEx, developing downstream segments and processing, technological acceleration (digitalization), and corporatemodel flexibility in response to external shocks.

This article examines a methodological toolkit for the assessment of and decision-making regarding investment projects at high-tech enterprises, based on the combined use of three classes of information systems: PLM (Product Lifecycle Management), PPM (Project and Portfolio Management), and ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning). The objective of this study is to develop a system of metrics and a managerial decision-making algorithm integrated with data sources within the aforementioned systems to enhance the soundness of investment decisions at every stage of project implementation. The methodological framework draws upon structural-functional analysis, methods of systematization and classification, and logical modeling. As a result, the selection of these three classes of information systems is substantiated; furthermore, a system of metrics comprising eight distinct groups has been developed, differentiated by project stage and linked to specific data sources (PLM, PPM, and ERP). An original decision-making algorithm is proposed which, in addition to standard economic efficiency metrics (NPV, IRR, PI, discounted payback period), incorporates the project's strategic significance particularly for projects executed under the State Defense Order aimed at critical import substitution or the creation of platform-based technological solutions. The algorithm incorporates multi-level filtering, a phased reduction of uncertainty through R&D activities, and feedback loops designed to facilitate project adjustments or termination. It is demonstrated that the integration of these systems can be achieved via a data bus utilizing the Russian-developed solution "Arenadata Harmony MDM". Finally, the limitations of the proposed toolkit are identified, specifically those related to the prerequisite of having fully operational PLM, PPM, and ERP systems in place, as well as the costs associated with the methodological and organizational support required for their integration.

The article presents a study of key modern domestic information systems (MPStats, MarketGuru, Mayak, JVO and Sellmonitor), which enables accounting and automation of management analytics from marketplaces, which is especially relevant in the era of the digital economy and the development of e-commerce. The functions of software products were identified and analyzed, and their evaluation was performed using a multifactorial comparative model (6 evaluation blocks such as external and internal analytics, demand forecasting, training, recommendations, and effectiveness). The data sources were official system data, technical documentation and API descriptions, and other research and statistics. Comparative and content analysis methods were applied. Among the analyzed services, MPStats is the clear leader, but it has a limitation in the form of high cost for SMEs. The Mayak service is highlighted among the optimal products. The paper highlights the importance of tools for the comprehensive assessment of business analytics in the field of ecommerce. The article also defines the directions of further development of BI solutions such as strengthening predictive analytics, combining internal and external analytics into a single intelligent platform, etc. The results obtained have practical value for managers and analysts working in marketplaces.

The relevance of this study stems from the fact that traditional counterparty assessments, based primarily on financial statement analysis and formal due diligence, have limited predictive potential. For small and medium-sized businesses, this limitation is exacerbated by lower transparency and the high concentration of decision-making authority in the hands of the manager in the hands of the manager. The purpose of this study is to develop a theoretical and methodological basis for incorporating a special set of indicators into a counterparty reliability assessment system that characterize the manager as the center of business decision-making. The methodological framework for the study includes systems, institutional, agency, and comparative approaches, formal logical analysis, and a classification method. The information base includes works on the theory of information asymmetry, agency relationships, transaction costs, and upper-echelon theory, research on small and medium-sized businesses, as well as Russian regulatory and methodological materials regulating counterparty due diligence procedures. As a result, the content of the category "indicators for assessing the manager of a counterparty" was clarified, criteria for their selection were formulated, and the author's grouping of indicators into five blocks was proposed: institutional identifiability, stability of the management trajectory, concentration of management roles, problematic management trace and public information consistency of the management center, and it was also noted that these indicators do not replace financial analysis, but increase its preventive value, primarily when assessing counterparties from the small and medium-sized business sector.

Current scientific literature lacks a comprehensive theoretical explanation of how corporate environmental responsibility (CER) translates into sustainability in the context of digital business transformation (DBT). The aim of this study is to develop and substantiate a conceptual model of this mechanism. The methodological framework includes a systemic and comparative analysis, a synthesis of stakeholder theories, the resource-based view, signaling theory, and Porter’s hypothesis, as well as an analysis of the Russian Union of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs (RUIE) ESG index data for 2014–2023. The proposed model identifies four interconnected channels for transforming environmental practices into sustainability: financial and investment, operational efficiency, reputational and market, and innovation and strategic. It is substantiated that DBT acts not as an external factor, but as an integrating environment that enhances synergy between channels and makes the mechanism self-sustaining. Four management principles are formulated and a threelevel system of methodological recommendations (process, factor, and dynamic levels) is developed, enabling companies to systematically improve the return on environmental investments. The model’s applicability to Russian practice is demonstrated: leading companies in the RUIE ESG indices implement precisely the combination of channels defined in the model. The key conclusion of the article is that CER does not translate into sustainability in isolation, but through channel synergy, catalyzed by DBT, which requires companies to reconsider their planning horizons and management tools.

The article examines the key features of the functioning of the derivatives market in the Russian Federation. It analyzes the structure and dynamics of the derivatives market, as well as the role of exchangetraded and non-exchange-traded derivatives. Special attention is paid to legal regulation, institutional infrastructure, and market participants. The article identifies the main challenges that hinder the development of the derivatives market, such as low liquidity, limited number of instruments, insufficient investor awareness, and high volatility. The article proposes measures to improve transparency, expand the product range, and the confidence of market participants. The purpose of the study is to develop recommendations for transforming the PFI market into an effective risk hedging institution. The following research methods were used in the study: literature analysis, content analysis, problem-oriented analysis, as well as graphical and tabular methods for presenting research results. Based on statistical data for 2021–2025, a volatile trend has been identified. Specifically, there was a sharp decline in trading volumes in 2022, followed by a partial recovery in 2023–2024 and a growth in 2025. During the analyzed period, there was an increase in open interest in futures and options, as well as a shift in the structure from currency to commodity and index instruments. During the study, the key problems hindering development were identified: insufficient trading volume, narrow choice of available instruments, weak investor training, sharp fluctuations in quotes and administrative restrictions. To improve the situation, the authors recommend introducing mandatory reporting on concluded transactions, improving the accounting system in repositories, introducing new assets, as well as unifying contract terms and launching training projects. These steps will contribute to increased transparency, increased loyalty among participants, and the transformation of the derivatives market into an effective mechanism for hedging and minimizing risks in an unstable economic environment.

The article provides a comprehensive analysis of the capitalization of the Russian financial market for 2022–2025 in the context of the transformation of the external economic environment, increased sanctions pressure and structural restructuring of the national economy. The purpose of the study is to identify the key determinants of market dynamics in conditions of pronounced geopolitical and economic instability, as well as to develop practical measures aimed at increasing its stability and investment attractiveness. Using correlation and regression methods, a statistically significant dependence of capitalization on macroeconomic indicators (including GDP dynamics, the level of the key rate of the Bank of Russia, world commodity prices), as well as on institutional factors characterizing the quality of corporate governance and the level of protection of the rights of minority shareholders was revealed. A comparative analysis of the largest Russian issuers and a comparison of indicators with the markets of the BRICS countries was carried out, which made it possible to identify structural constraints and unrealized growth potential. Based on the results obtained, proposals have been formulated to improve the regulatory and legal framework, develop national rating agencies, and gradually strengthen the institutional environment. The presented conclusions are intended to be used by regulators, issuers, and investors in shaping financial market development strategies.

This paper investigates the problem of increasing computational complexity of the classical potential method when solving large-scale transportation problems of linear programming. A modification of the algorithm is proposed that allows reducing computation time without losing solution accuracy. The key element of novelty is a heuristic limitation on the number of recalculated potentials within each iteration, as well as a simplified rule for selecting the variable entering the basis. Based on the formal statement of the closed transportation problem, an analysis of the traditional algorithm was conducted, and the most resourceintensive operations were identified. The software implementation of the modified algorithm was performed in C programming language. To verify the effectiveness, a series of computational experiments was organized using synthetic data with dimensions from 10×10 to 200×200. Empirical results demonstrate a 15–25% reduction in solution time for problems with dimensions exceeding 100×100. At the same time, the deviation of the obtained plan's cost from the reference solution does not exceed 0,01%. The practical significance is confirmed through modeling medication distribution in the Samara region. The scientific novelty consists in developing a heuristic that adapts the exact potential method to work with large data arrays. The results can be applied to improve information systems for managing logistics chains.