Analysis for structural transformation of the Russian national economy: current challenges and growth factors
Abstract. The article analyzes the processes of structural transformation of the Russian economy in the context of current geopolitical and technological challenges. The main focus is on the changes in the sectoral and technological structure of the national economy, as well as identifying key challenges to diversification and transition to innovative development. The influence of external factors, such as sanction pressure and global economic trends on structural changes in the economy is considered. The research includes a theoretical analysis for approaches to structural transformation, as well as studying the experience of foreign countries that can be applied to the Russian conditions. Based on the statistical data and expert assessments, priority areas of economic policy have been identified aimed at overcoming dependence on raw materials and ensuring sustainable economic growth. The main findings of the article emphasize the importance of stimulating high-tech sectors, developing human capital, improving the institutional environment and integrating into global markets. The results of the study can be used to develop strategies for economic development at the national and regional levels.
Keywords: structural transformation, national economy, technological development, growth factors, sectoral structure, institutional structure, GDP, demographic policy, Russia.
Highlights:
- it has been revealed that structural transformation is a multidimensional process that ensures transition to a more efficient, innovative and sustainable model of economic development. This process is achieved by redistributing resources between sectors, tech no-logical modernization, and improvement of the institutional environment. Collectively, these changes contribute to the long-term stability and competitiveness of the national economy;
- it has been determined that positive structural changes in the economy are hindered by a number of challenges arising from both domestic policy and external conditions: geopolitical instability; climate change; understaffing; negative demographic policy results; low-carbon global trends; the entry of new regions into Russia; a high key interest rate; lower spending on education and research;
- the factors have been identified that can positively influence structural transformation and economic growth: redistribution of budget funds in favor of R&D and education; in-vestments in high-tech industries, manufacturing; effective demographic and personnel policies aimed at supporting youth and families; creating high-tech jobs and increasing labor productivity.
Lyudmila G. Rudenko - Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation