DYNAMICS OF THE COMMODITY STRUCTURE OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION IN THE UNITED STATES IN 1929-2019
Based on the specific role that agriculture plays in the socio-economic development of the country, regardless of time and space, an attempt is made to analyze the commodity structure of US agricultural production over a long time period in order to identify trends that characterize the dynamics of this structure, reflecting changes in the national system of market implementation of major agricultural products. We used historical, abstract-logical, statistical-economic research methods. The theoretical basis of the study is the cost of agricultural products produced and implemented in the market by American farmers, which is used to determine the structure of US agricultural production at various intervals of the time period that is interesting for us. The results of the study reveal the complex nature of the dynamics of the agricultural production commodity structure in the United States for the period 1929-2019. The dependence of this dynamics, first of all, on the market demand for certain types of agricultural products in different time periods is justified. In addition to the market consumer factor caused by aggregate demand, the impact on the structure of agricultural production of several factors related to active direct government regulation of the production and implementation of certain types of agricultural products by American farmers, scientific and technological capabilities (primarily in the field of biotechnology and genetic engineering), which determine the level of certain sectors of agriculture development in the country.
Keywords:commodity structure of US agricultural production, dynamics of the commodity structure of US agricultural production, US farms, market sales of agricultural products, farm incomes, US crop production product profile, US livestock product profile, total demand for agricultural products.
Highlights:
♦ structural changes in the product profile of American crop production have been identified, where a steady decline of the cereals (both food and feed) has been observed over the studied time period, with a gradual increase of soy and other oil cereals, as well as vegetable products, fruits and nuts in American commodity production;
♦ it is established that since the post-war period, and especially since the 1990s, oil cereals play an increasing role in the structure of commodity production in the United States, among which the leading place belongs to soy, which is associated with the expansion of the product range of soy foods, waste-free production based on soy, low costs, and therefore additional benefits in the implementation of products by American farmers, arising in the framework of global competition in the world market of agricultural producers;
♦ the dynamics of the commodity structure of American livestock is revealed, reflecting the gradual shift of its product profile from the breeding of cattle (dairy and meat directions), which dominated for 70 years (1929-1999), i.e. up to the beginning of this century, in favor of poultry products, with which the market is currently divided almost equally;
♦ the complex nature of the dynamics of the commodity structure of US agricultural production for the period 1929-2019 is shown. The dependence of this dynamics on such factors as the aggregate market demand for certain types of agricultural products in different time periods, active direct state regulation of farm production and sales of certain types of agricultural products, scientific and technological opportunities that determine the level of development of the leading branches of national agriculture is shown.
Valerij N. Minat, Candidate of Geography, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Economics and Management Department of the Ryazan State Agrotechnological University by P.A. Kostychev; Anatolij G. Chepik, Doctor of Economics, Associate Professor, Professor of the National Economy and Regional Development Department of the Ryazan State University named for S.A. Yesenin.