WORLD EXPERIENCE IN CREATING AND FUNCTIONING OF SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONES
Nowadays, the global economy is experiencing a rapid growth in the number of territories with special preferential treatment for conducting business - special economic zones of various types. The types of zones and their specialization should be based on the existing competitive advantages and opportunities of the country. In this regard, the construction of a scale of special economic zone types depending on the level of industrialization and development of countries is of key importance. The purpose of the work is to review and compare programs for creating special economic zones for the main economic groups of countries, to determine the features and prospects of their development. Based on the analysis of the functioning of territories with special status in countries with developed, developing and transitive economies, the challenges that modern special economic zones will have to face are formulated.
Keywords: special economic zone, level of industrialization of the country, functional typology, dynamics of development, developed countries, developing countries, countries with emerging economy.
Highlights:
♦ a functional classification of special economic zones is proposed and carried out depending on the level of the country development;
♦ the analysis of the functioning of special economic zones in three economic groups of countries: developed countries, developing countries and countries with emerging economy;
♦ regional trends in the functioning of special economic zones are highlighted, and the main challenges that countries will face within the framework of the policy of creating special economic zones are formulated.
Elena V. Sapir, Doctor of Economics, Professor, Head of the World Economy and Statistics Department; Igor À. Karachev, PhD in Economics, Associate Professor of the World Economy and Statistics Department - Yaroslavl State University.