EUROPEAN PRACTICE OF PUBLIC PROCUREMENT
The reform of Russian legislation in the field of public procurement determines the relevance of the choice of European experience in public procurement as a subject of study. The purpose of the study is to determine the development of the Russian practice of public procurement and the possibility of introducing elements of foreign practice. The author defines a key feature of the European practice of public procurement - the principle of “non-discrimination”, and formulates a conclusion on the gradual abandonment of this principle in the long term. An analysis of ten-year statistics on public procurement in value and in kind in the member states of the European Union allowed us to identify the main leaders in terms of cost and number of tenders (Great Britain and Poland, respectively). It was revealed that most European countries use a decentralized system of public procurement management. Using this experience seems unpromising due to economic and geographical features of Russia. The Spanish and Swiss experience in dividing large orders into smaller ones in order to attract small and medium-sized enterprises to participation seems promising from the standpoint of increasing the share of private business in the state economy and ensuring growth rates. The result of the study is the thesis that in the future it will not be possible to introduce legislation restricting the access of the private sector of the economy to transparent competition, due to the fact that competition stimulates an increase in the quality of goods, work and services, and consequently, economic growth and the quality of life of the population.
Keywords: import substitution, online bidding, competition, corruption, localization, small and medium enterprises, fixed assets, principle of “non-discrimination”, tender.
Highlights:
European public procurement practice is based on the principle of “non-discrimination”, i.e. openness of the public procurement market to foreign companies;
the most European countries carry out decentralized management of public procurements without establishing a strict time frame for each stage of competitive selection;
a number of European states deliberately share large orders with smaller ones in order to involve small and medium-sized enterprises in the public procurement process.
Roza O. Voskanyan, Candidate of Economics, Associate Professor of the Department of Financial Management, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Moscow.