ANALYSIS OF HEALTH CARE MODELS AS THE PRIORITY DIRECTIONS OF THE REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT
Health for each person is one of the most important vital needs. It is a universal value that has no geographical boundaries. Health care is one of the priority sectors of the regional development, as it is directly related to human life. The objectives of the industry are to provide affordable health care for the population, to preserve and improve the level of citizens` health. Accordingly, it is necessary to study health care models to develop an effec-tive model of its functioning. Only a rationally built model can improve the quality and accessibility of health care, which ultimately will improve the quality of life of the population. In this regard, the purpose of the study is to analyze health care models as one of the priority directions of the regional development. The research methods are description, content analysis and comparison. The study analyzes four basic health care models: the state (Beveridge model), the market one, based on comprehensive health insur-ance (the Bismarck model), and the Semashko model. The Beveridge model is characterized by the exceptional role of the state in resolving issues of managing the health care system, and the market model, respectively, is characterized by the free market of medical services. The Bismarck model is a social insurance model, since it includes both the state and the market model. According to the Semashko system, the territorial principle of providing health care is proclaimed, the state is a single order of health care, and health care is financed only from the state budget. Today, for the effec-tive functioning of the regional health system and the improvement of public health indicators, it is necessary to search for new combinations of structural elements of the considered models.
Keywords: health care system, public health, effective health care mod-el, government health regulation, private medicine, quality of medical ser-vices, health insurance model, domestic medicine, improvement of the quali-ty of life.
Highlights:
Health is one of the most important benefits for any person. Preserva-tion and development of public health is a priority of the population and the state. In this regard, health care is one of the priority sectors in the regional development, whose tasks include ensuring the quality and availability of medical services for the population;
the "classical" economic classification of health care models includes: 1) the state or Beveridge model; 2) the model based on comprehensive health insurance (Bismarck system); 3) the market (private) health care model. Al-so, the Soviet Semashko model of health care is considered as the basic and globally recognized model in the scientific community;
the model of health care in modern Russia has mixed structural fea-tures of four models listed above;
each model has its advantages and disadvantages: there is no universal health care system suitable for all countries. It is necessary to have a synergy of structural elements of four basic health care models in order to achieve a well-functioning health organization as one of the priority directions of the regional development, taking into account regional characteristics.
Gulnara F. Valeeva, a post-graduate student of Kazan (Volga) Federal University.