Вестник Самарского государственного экономического университета

Вестник самарского государственного экономического университета
Vestnik of Samara State University of Economics

2025 №11 (253)

ECONOMIC THEORY

Rudenko L.G.

Analysis for structural transformation of the Russian national economy: current challenges and growth factors

Abstract. The article analyzes the processes of structural transformation of the Russian economy in the context of current geopolitical and technological challenges. The main focus is on the changes in the sectoral and technological structure of the national economy, as well as identifying key challenges to diversification and transition to innovative development. The influence of external factors, such as sanction pressure and global economic trends on structural changes in the economy is considered. The research includes a theoretical analysis for approaches to structural transformation, as well as studying the experience of foreign countries that can be applied to the Russian conditions. Based on the statistical data and expert assessments, priority areas of economic policy have been identified aimed at overcoming dependence on raw materials and ensuring sustainable economic growth. The main findings of the article emphasize the importance of stimulating high-tech sectors, developing human capital, improving the institutional environment and integrating into global markets. The results of the study can be used to develop strategies for economic development at the national and regional levels.
Keywords: structural transformation, national economy, technological development, growth factors, sectoral structure, institutional structure, GDP, demographic policy, Russia. Highlights: - it has been revealed that structural transformation is a multidimensional process that ensures transition to a more efficient, innovative and sustainable model of economic development. This process is achieved by redistributing resources between sectors, tech no-logical modernization, and improvement of the institutional environment. Collectively, these changes contribute to the long-term stability and competitiveness of the national economy; - it has been determined that positive structural changes in the economy are hindered by a number of challenges arising from both domestic policy and external conditions: geopolitical instability; climate change; understaffing; negative demographic policy results; low-carbon global trends; the entry of new regions into Russia; a high key interest rate; lower spending on education and research; - the factors have been identified that can positively influence structural transformation and economic growth: redistribution of budget funds in favor of R&D and education; in-vestments in high-tech industries, manufacturing; effective demographic and personnel policies aimed at supporting youth and families; creating high-tech jobs and increasing labor productivity.

Email:	mila.k07@mail.ru
Сведения:	Lyudmila G. Rudenko - Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation

REGIONAL AND SECTORAL ECONOMY

Serebryakov V.G.

Institutional and technological features of global and Russian instrument engineering in the context of industrial transformation

Abstract. In the context of increasing fragmentation of the global economy and transition to a new paradigm of industrial organization based on digitalization, platform technologies and strategic sovereignty, the study of institutional and technological features of instrument engineering acquires special importance. The article explores the evolution of instrument engineering as a separate sector in industrial systems, including its institutionalization in the Western economies and the planned-centralized model in the USSR with subsequent disintegration of the industry in the post-Soviet period. The aim of the study is a comparative analysis of the global and Russian development models of instrument engineering complex from the standpoint of institutional density, managerial architecture and technological maturity. The main institutional asymmetries hindering integration of the Russian industry into global value chains have been identified, the scope of possible convergence through cluster cooperation, implementation of platform solutions and development of digital double ecosystems have been outlined. It was concluded that there is a need fortransition from the import substitution model to the ecosystem architecture of techno-sovereignty as the conditions for formation of competitive instrument engineering in the context of industrial transformation.
Keywords: institutional density, techno-sovereignty, digital twins, GVCs, instrument engineering, cluster cooperation, industrial platform, import substitution, Industry 4.0, governance architecture. Highlights: - the institutional and technological determinants of instrument engineering development in the global and Russian conditions are defined; - a comparative analysis for the models of industry coordination, technology transfer and innovation activity is carried out; - the barriers are identified: technological gap, sanction vulnerability, institutional fragmentation; - the project measures are proposed: consortia, open APIs, pilot zones, industrial data platforms.

Email:	v.g.serebryakov@mail.ru
Сведения:	Vitaly G. Serebryakov - Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia

Suvorova N.A., Tabak L.V.

Conceptual foundations of marketing in design

Abstract. The relevance of the research topic is due, on the one hand, to the active development of creative industries both in the world and in Russia, and, on the other hand, to the insufficient development of practical tools and mechanisms of marketing concepts in design as a mechanism for increasing efficiency of professional activity, which is due to the historically established tradition of using design as a marketingtool, and not vice versa. The article systematizes the data on classical marketing concepts in design, gives a brief description of current trends in design marketing, and proposes a value-oriented concept of design thinking marketing as a result of the convergence of the subject areas of design and marketing.
Keywords: marketing concepts in design, design as a marketingtool, trends in design marketing, value-oriented marketing, design thinking. Highlights: - the historical determinacy of a wider application of design as a marketing tool than marketing as a functional area of professional design activity has been revealed; - knowledge of marketing concepts that can be practically applied in design has been systematized; - a brief description has been given and the features of applying marketing concepts in design have been identified; - the current topical trends in development of marketing too Is in design have been identified, the general characteristic of which is their compliance with the concept of Marketing 3.0; - based on the analysis of current marketingtools in design, the value-oriented approach and taking into account the trend of convergence of the subject areas of design and marketing, a value-oriented concept of design thinking in design has been proposed, which allows combining the economic interest of an entrepreneur and their social responsibility to the consumer and society as a whole into a single system.

Email:	arwa2006@rambler.ru; larisatabak@mail.ru
Сведения:	Natalia A. Suvorova, Larisa V. Tabak - Sochi State University, Sochi, Russia

Frolov Yu.V., Bosenko T.M., Zhavoronkov D.D.

Assessment and demand forecasting for IT specialists in Russia

Abstract. The digital transformation strategy implemented in Russia involves provision of all industries with IT specialists. The challenge of the study is benchmarking existing methodologies to quantify the demand for IT professionals. The purpose of the study is to develop and test indices to assess the demand for IT specialists and build predictive models. The research methods include aggregating data from government and corporate sources from 2015 to 2024, applying ETL processes to data processing, and building regression models. The Employment Index of IT graduates (hereinafter -ITV) and the Market Demand Index for graduates in IT areas of training (hereinafter -IRS) are proposed as key indica-tors. The Random Forest and Ridge regression models demonstrated high predictive ability (R2>0,82) for ITV and IRS. The hierarchy of socio-economic factors was identified that significantly affect ITV and IRS: for ITV - an increase in GDP (49%), the migration processes (37%), the state educational policy (14%); for IRS - migration (13%), the budget places in universities (12%), the demographic factor - the number of school graduates (10%). It was established that the maximum discrepancy in the values of the indices is observed in 2022, and then the situation stabilizes. The forecast for 2025 indicates the movement of the labor market in the category of IT specialists to a sustainable state, where graduation and employment of graduates is close to the number of vacancies in the labor market. The proposed methodology creates prerequisites for transition to management based on the data in planning the processes of staffing the Russian economy with IT specialists.
Keywords: labor market, IT specialists, forecasting, machine learning models, employment index, demand index. Highlights: - the approach to analyzing the demand for IT specialists in the Russian labor market was developed and substantiated on the basis of two indices: the IT Graduate Employment Index and the Market Demand Index. The proposed approach makes it possible to quantify the ratio between official statistical reportingdata and actual emerging labor market needs; - it has been shown that achieving and maintaining a dynamic balance between the de-mand for statistical reportingdata and the demand for data on vacancies of IT specialists is a prerequisite for reducing labor market volatility and creating conditions for planning specialist training in vocational educational establishments; - machine learning models based on the Random Forest and Ridge Regression frame-works with high prediction accuracy (R2>0,82) were trained and tested, that allows predicting the situation in the IT labor market for up to a year; - the hierarchy of socio-economic factors has been established that affects significantly the values of the IT Graduate Employment Index and Market Demand Index and creates prerequisites for managing the situation in the Russian labor market in the category of IT specialists; - the cyclical nature of imbalance in the Russian IT market was revealed with a recovery period of 2-3 years after the crisis.

Email:	frolovyuv@mgpu.ru; bosenkotm@mgpu.ru; zhavoronkovdd944@mgpu.ru
Сведения:	Yuri V. Frolov, Timur M. Bosenko, Dmitry D. Zhavoronkov - Moscow City Pedagogical University, Moscow, Russia

Shardina K.A.

The role of supplementary vocational education in development of human capital for digital transformation

Abstract. In the era of digital transformation, supplementary vocational education has become a crucial tool for developing human capital. It helps specialists acquire new skills, meet the rapidly changing demands of the labor market, master essential digital competencies and enhance their competitiveness. The article examines the key functions of supplementary vocational education, including adapting employees to technological changes, replenishment of staff shortage, inclusivity support and developing soft skills which are in demand in the digital economy. The analysis covers current educational technologies, funding mechanisms, and government initiatives aimed at supplementary vocational education. Special attention is given to the challenges such as non-conformity of the pro-grams with real business needs, financial barriers, and low employee motivation for life-long learning. The article proposes measures to improve the effectiveness of the supplementary vocational education system in the context of the digital economy.
Keywords: digital transformation, human capital, supplementary vocational education, digital competencies, lifelong learning, labor market, soft skills, digital literacy. Highlights: - the core functions of supplementary vocational education in the context of digital transformation have been identified; - the key challenges limiting effectiveness of supplementary vocational education have been outlined; - the requirements for an effective supplementary vocational education system have been examined, and its role as a strategic tool for the digital transformation of human capital has been substantiated.

Email:	shardinax@gmail.com
Сведения:	Kseniya A. Shardina - Perm State National Research University, Perm, Russia

MANAGEMENT AND BUSINESS MANAGEMENT

Bespalova E.A., Smolina E.S.

he problem of staffing for the priority sectors of the Samara region economy through the government-sponsored training mechanism

Abstract. The article provides an assessment of the use of the government-sponsored training mechanism, according to the legislative changes that have been implemented, as a tool for staffing priority sectors of the economy. The reasons for insufficient effectiveness of admission tools are analyzed, and ways to solve the identified problems are proposed to eliminate staff shortage in the priority sectors of the Samara region economy. According to the Strategy for the Socio-Economic Development of the Samara Region for the Period up to 2030, the following goals were identified as the main and strategically important objectives: staffingthe key industrial clusters, such as the automotive, petrochemical, aerospace, agrofood, and other sectors, as well as the small and medium-sized enterprises, and improving the system of government-sponsored training, vocational retraining, and advanced training for skilled workers in demand on the labor market, who are capable of lifelong learning and using their newly acquired competencies in their work. The development of measures to improve the mechanism of interaction between enterprises, universities, and applicants in the Samara Region as part of implementation of government-sponsored training mechanism aimed at providing full-fledged staff forthe key sectors of the regional economy will helpto retain qualified personnel in the region and reduce the outflow of young people from the Samara region, raising the status of the region as a competitive education and production cluster of Russia.
Keywords: staffing, government-sponsored training, regional economy, priority sectors of the economy, competitiveness. Highlights: - the current procedure for government-sponsored trainingdoes not motivate customer-organizations to participate actively in the system of intentional education of staff to meet their own needs; - it is necessary to create a comprehensive ecosystem that includes incentive mechanisms for involving enterprises and organizations of key production and innovative sectors of the regional economy in the system of government-sponsored training of personnel forthe real sector of the economy in the Samara region; - it is needed to develop a unified regional standard for motivating students and applicants to sign the contracts of government-sponsored training, as the financial support measures offered by customer-organizations according to the contracts are often not at-tractive enough for applicants in the terms of their further obligation to work for the cus-tomerorganization for several years.

Email:	bespaloval003@gmail.com; ekaterinsmolin@yandex.ru
Сведения:	Elena A. Bespalova - Togliatti Academy of Management, Togliatti, Russia; Ekaterina S. Smolina - Samara State University of Economics, Samara, Russia

Kandrashina E.A., Troshina E.P., Arkhipov E.O.

Business process optimization of an industrial enterprise

Abstract. In the context of growing com petition and dynamic changes in the market environment, modern industrial enterprises are forced to improve their business processes constantly in order to maintain competitiveness and ensure sustainable development. This study focuses on the important issue of business process optimization, which allows enterprises to adapt to changes, improve efficiency, and reduce costs. The study is based on the scientific literature, regulatory documents, statistical data, company reports, and other sources, providing a comprehensive analysis. The theoretical significance of this study lies in deepening the understanding of business processes and developing methodologies for their optimization. The practical value lies in the development of recommendations aimed at improving efficiency of enterprises, reducing costs, improving the quality of products and services, and enhancing adaptation to changes in the external and internal environment. The study highlights that optimizing business processes eliminates excessive costs, inefficient practices, and unnecessary steps, which helps improve performance. The implementation of a process approach, despite the need for significant resources, creates transparency of processes, a clear distribution of responsibilities and improves interaction between departments. In conclusion, it is noted that optimization of business processes is a key tool for strengthening the competitiveness and sustainable development of enterprises in a dynamic market environment.
Keywords: business processes, industrial enterprises, process approach, optimization. Highlights: - the concept of business processes in modern large companies and industrial enterprises is studied, special attention is given to the need for developing new tools and process optimization concepts; - it is determined that the basis of the concepts of business processes and their optimization in an organization is a process approach to management; - specific actions are outlined to optimize the business processes of an industrial enterprise, allowing to increase its work efficiency.

Email:	el.ka2003@mail.ru; e-troshina@yandex.ru; arhipovevgeny@gmail.com
Сведения:	Elena A. Kandrashina, Elena P. Troshina, Evgeny 0. Arkhipov - Samara State University of Economics, Samara, Russia

Kolyada A.A.

Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI) use in business modeling, strategic planning and strategic management

Abstract. The Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI) is one of the most powerful tools for measuring customer satisfaction. The relevance of the research to improve the effectiveness of using this tool is beyond doubt. The scientific novelty of this study is to discuss the specifics of development and CSI use in business modeling, strategic planning and strategic management. The object of the research is the phenomenon of monitoring and managing loyalty of the company customers and related strategic issues. The subject of the re-search is development and CSI use in strategic work. The management, consulting and educational projects of the EMAS business School, as well as scientific articles by other authors, served as the information base of the research. The research discusses the methodological features of development and use, the scope of use and limitations on the CSI application in business modeling, strategic planning and strategic management. The findings are made on the need for full compliance with the methodological requirements for development and application of this tool, feasibility of implementing its potential not only in measuring customer satisfaction, but also in other areas.
Keywords: customer satisfaction, customer satisfaction index, CSI, NPS, price satisfaction, customer satisfaction management, brand management, USP, strategic management, business modeling, strategic planning, price competitiveness, business model innovation. Highlights: - CSI is one of the most powerful tools for managing customer satisfaction and strategic development of a business; - CSI provides more opportunities to find problem areas and growth areas than other tools with similar tasks, in particular NPS; - it is proposed to use CSI not only in the traditional areas for this tool (measuring customer satisfaction and making decisions to increase their satisfaction, managingquality of the company performance), butalso in such new areas as business modeling and business model innovation, economic and mathematical modeling, USP development, brand management. This will significantly increase effectiveness of business modeling, strategic planning and strategic management in the company; - in contrast to the syncretic approach to CSI formation, the author`s discrete approach is proposed, which will increase the analytical value of the tool and ensure its applicability in business modeling, strategic planning and strategic management; - at the stages of CSI development and use, it is recommended to follow the methodological requirements, in particular: at the development stage, it is necessary to identify the target cluster correctly, the segment and group of customers whose satisfaction is being measured, perform qualitative and quantitative research competently; at the application stage it is strictly obligatory to comply with the requirements for quantitative research, when performing calculations, it is also necessary to take into account the ideology, which was included in the index; - it is necessary to be aware of the limitations that are inherent in CSI, for example, it is not recommended to measure price satisfaction using CSI.

Email:	kolyada@emasrussia.ru
Сведения:	An drey A. Kolyada - Eurasian Management and Administration School (EMAS Business School), Nizhny Novgorod, Russia

Kunin V.A., Torpishchev T.R.

Evaluating the impact of external factors on strategic positioning of the Russian marketplaces

Abstract. This article explores the impact of macroeconomic and digital factors on strategic positioning of marketplaces in the Russian e-commerce market. The primary focus is on assessing relationship between e-commerce volume and such indicators as GDP based on purchasing power parity and Internet penetration rate. The quantitative analytical meth-od is applied, incorporating both the correlation and regression approaches. Three regression models are developed - single-factor, basic two-factor, and alternative - in order to identify both structural and behavioral factors influencing development of digital trade. The results indicate that economic well-beingand population`s digital engagement are key drivers of growth, while marketplaces, in turn, play a systemic role in the industry`s structure. The proposed methodology can be applied to assess resilience of business models and forecast financial risks for leading online platforms.
Keywords: e-commerce, marketplaces, strategic positioning, macroeconomic factors, digitalization, regression analysis, correlation analysis. Highlights: - the volume of the e-commerce market in Russia significantly depends on the level of Internet penetration and digital infrastructure; - macroeconomic indicators, especially GDP (PPP) and household income levels, have a substantial impact on the growth and strategic positioning of marketplaces; - rising poverty and unemployment levels affect negatively online sales volume; - the e-commerce market is becoming platform-centric, reinforcing the role of major marketplaces.

Email:	v.kuniin50@yandex.ru; timur.torp@yandex.ru
Сведения:	Vladimir A. Kunin - St. Petersburg University of Management Technologies and Economics, St. Petersburg, Russia, HSE University - St. Petersburg, St. Petersburg, Russia; Timur R. Torpishchev - HSE University - St. Petersburg, St. Petersburg, Russia

106

Lavrov M.N., Semenkova E.V.

Custodial management of pension savings: Russian and foreign experience of leading countries

Abstract. The article reveals the specifics of custodial management implementation of pension savings and its further improvement. The need for the latter is due to some key factors: increasing financial security of pension savings, introducing the latest technologies, effective differentiation of the investment portfolio, and the country economic situation. The purpose of the research is to study the foreign experience of organ-izingand conducting custodial management of pension savings and applyingit in practice in Russia. The main problems inherent in the Russian pension system have been identified: insufficient transparency in the activities of custodial organizations and, as a result, the need to improve reporting, lack of highly qualified personnel, and the need for modern automated technology introduction. The analysis for the experience of foreign countries (USA, Cana-da, the Netherlands, Australia) has shown the main advantages in organizing and conducting their custodial management of retirement savings. Based on this analysis, the recommendations and suggestions for Russia are presented. The results obtained con-firmed the need for improving the Russian system of custodial management of pension savings in the field of increasingtransparency in the activities of such organizations by improving accountability, educating and training highly qualified personnel, and introducing the latest automated technologies.
Keywords: custodial services, custodial management, pension assets, pension savings, asset management, pension funds, fiduciary approach. Highlights: - the main strategy for developing custodial management of pension savings is introducing the latest automated technologies; - custodial organizations should increase transparency of their activities; - it is necessary to develop educational programs for training personnel in custodial management of pension savings.

Email:	mnlavrov@mail.ru; katerinavg87@mail.ru
Сведения:	Mikhail N. Lavrov - State University of Education, Moscow, Russia, Gnessin Russian Academy of Music, Moscow, Russia; Ekaterina V. Semenkova - State University of Education, Moscow, Russia

121

Shamalova E.V.

Prospects for healthcare development in the context of global digitalization

Abstract. Digital technologies are being actively introduced in Russia, the federal projects and strategic initiatives are being implemented, the purpose of which is to achieve high digital maturity of healthcare. Large-scale introduction of digital technologies conceptually changes the healthcare system. The purpose of the article is to study transformation of the behavior strategy and competitive advantages of medical organizations due to informatization and digitalization of healthcare. The study used general scientific methods: the content analysis of the papers, monographs of the Russian and foreign authors, regulatory documents, methods of analysis and generalization. As a result of the study, it was revealed that before the start of the process of active healthcare informatization, the medical commercial organizations used a business strategy where revenue growth and market share were at the forefront. Informatization and digitalization of the healthcare system made it possible to unite all medical organizations into a single information system, which involves, unification and standardization of processes to a certain extent. As a result, medical organizations continue to use a business strategy, but are forced to ex-change information about a patient, competition between doctors for a patient actually disappears as well. Increasingly, the competitive advantage of medical organizations is: convenient applications for making an appointment with a doctor, ability to get a remote consultation with a specialist, access to large amounts of data.
Keywords: healthcare digitalization, digital technologies, competitive environment, behavior strategy, competitive advantages, medical organizations. Highlights: - informatization and digitalization of the healthcare system have enabled medical organizations to be integrated into a single information system; introduction of digital technologies is changing the competitive environment, expanding the range of consumers of medical services, and influencing the behavior strategy of medical organizations in the market; - the introduction of digital technologies enables convenient applications, remote access to medical services, and other competitive advantages.

Email:	shamalova_e_v@staff.sechenov.ru
Сведения:	Elena V. Shamalova - I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia

129

FINANCE, MONEY CIRCULATION AND CREDIT

Bulycheva E.V.

Educational loans: current status and prospects

Abstract. In the present conditions, the population is enlisting to the help of educational loans increasingly, as reduction of budget places in educational establishments, as well de-cline in income levels, limit the ability of citizens to receive education at no cost or pay on their own. However, despite the increased demand for educational loans, their development is proceeding at a slow pace, which indicates presence of constraining factors. This article analyzes the current state of educational loans and identifies the factors con-straining their development. The measures on leveling the constraints are proposed, and prospects for development of educational loans are outlined. When writingthe article, the general scientific methods were used: analysis, generalization, analogy, logical approach. The purpose of the study is to analyze the current state of educational loans and identify promising areas of development. As a result of the conducted research, incomplete elaboration of educational loans was revealed, both at the legislative level and in the field of their provision. The factors constraining development of educational loans are noted. The measures for development of educational loans are proposed.
Keywords: social credit, state-backed loan, targeted loan, social bank, educational loan. Highlights: - new challenges of the time are increasing the demand for educational loans, buttherearea number of factors hindering their development; - the development of educational loans is important for all parties to this loan transaction; - the prospects for development of educational loans are based on leveling constraints.

Email:	helleno4ka@mail.ru
Сведения:	Elena V. Bulycheva - Orenburg State University, Orenburg, Russia

137

ECONOMIC THEORY

REGIONAL AND SECTORAL ECONOMY

MANAGEMENT AND BUSINESS MANAGEMENT

FINANCE, MONEY CIRCULATION AND CREDIT