APPLICATION OF THE CONCEPTS OF "PERFORMANCE" AND "EFFICIENCY" IN THE SPHERE OF DEMOGRAPHY
The authors consider differences in the definition of "performance" and "efficiency". The concept of "efficiency" is primary used in economy, and the concept of "performance" should be used in all social spheres, including the demographic one. The article substantiates the position of incorrect application of the concept of "efficiency" for those processes where costs and results are estimated by heterogeneous indicators. The article represents specific calculations of the im-pact of the migration of population exchange, and states that it is the only demographic area where valid results of migration exchange determine performance, because the same estimates are used for costs and for reŠsults. The methods of determining the direct (excluding the effect of other factors) impact of demographic policy on the performance are proposed, the assessment of demographic policy in the field of stimulating the increase in fertility and in reducing mortality in Russia since the middle of the first decade of the XXI century is given, the possible ap-proaches to the definition of regional performance in these two demographic spheres are pre-sented.
Keywords: efficiency, performance, comparative method, fertility, life expectancy, migra-tion exchange, demographic policy.
Highlights:
there are differences between the concepts of "efficiency" and "performance", related to their meaning and the nature of estimates of indicators based on these concepts;
in the economy, costs and results are determined in the same monetary estimates, while in other social spheres different estimates are used to assess performance;
there are two approaches to define the concept of "performance", one comparison of the out-come with the one that was planned (e.g., to reach a certain level of life expectancy), and the separation of the contribution of demographic policy estimates from the total set of factors that determined the achievement of this result;
the use of the comparative method makes it possible to determine performance in time and spatial coordinates, in the sphere of both fertility and mortality at the Federal and regional levels.
Leonid L. Rybakovsky, Doctor of Economics, Professor, Institute for Socio-Political Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Gabibulla R. Khasaev, Doctor of Economics, Professor, Samara State University of Economics; Natalia I. Kozhevnikova, Candidate of Economics, Institute for Socio-Political Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences.